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With the increasing complexity and advancement of weapons and equipment, the cycle of equipment procurement contract often needs to be calculated by years. Due to the long time, there are many uncertain factors in the process of contract performance, and the probability of disputes is high and the impact is large. In order to better manage the risk of equipment procurement contract performance, effectively reduce the risk in the process of contract performance, improve the success rate of contract performance, and further ensure the effectiveness of the military in equipment construction projects, it is meaningful to evaluate the risk of procurement contract performance. To address the uncertainties and complexity in long-cycle equipment procurement contract performance, this study proposes a novel risk assessment framework integrating improved combination weighting and a two-dimensional cloud model (TDCM). The key novelties include: (1) constructing a risk indicator system with 3 first-level (quality, schedule, cost) and 17 second-level indicators; (2) developing a cooperative game-based combination weighting method that fuses improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP, subjective weight: e.g., quality [Formula: see text]) and improved Entropy Weight (EW, objective weight: e.g., quality [Formula: see text]) to obtain optimized weights (e.g., quality [Formula: see text]); (3) establishing a TDCM using risk occurrence probability and impact degree as basic variables, and introducing the improved golden section method for risk grading. A case study of ship equipment procurement contracts shows that: the comprehensive risk cloud eigenvalues are (7.457, 0.573, 0.128) for occurrence probability and (7.468, 0.561, 0.139) for impact degree; the closeness to Level IV (large risk) standard cloud is the highest ([Formula: see text]), confirming the contract\u2019s high-risk status. This framework effectively quantifies uncertainty, providing a scientific basis for contract risk management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1793962325500837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T11:20:47Z","timestamp":1766575247000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk assessment of equipment procurement contract performance based on combination weighting two-dimensional cloud model"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6555-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Engineering and Equipment Economics, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P. R. 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