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In our research, we blend both approaches for the best. First, we formulated a network called Convolutional Density Approximation (CDA) for direct density estimation of background models. Then, we propose a self-supervised training strategy for CDA to adaptively capture high-frequency color distributions for the corresponding backgrounds. Finally, we show that background models can indeed assist foreground extraction by an efficient Neural Motion Subtraction (NeMos) network. Our experiments verify competitive results in the balance between effectiveness and efficiency. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s219688882350015x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T02:45:27Z","timestamp":1697769927000},"page":"411-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time Change Detection with Convolutional Density Approximation"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Synh Viet-Uyen","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International University, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9084-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien-Cuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International University, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1909-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung Ngoc","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International University, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong Hoai","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S219688882350015XBIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357525"},{"issue":"3","key":"S219688882350015XBIB002","first-page":"318","volume":"14","author":"Li L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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