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By applying small random perturbations (e.g. simply modifying different kinds of features from the application\u2019s manifest file), an AE attack can cause the misclassification of legitimate applications. This paper proposes AAGAN, an automated Android malware generation system based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) that can successfully deceive current ML detectors. Our experiment results indicate that AEs generated by our system can flip the prediction of the state-of-the-art detection algorithms in 99% of cases using a real-world dataset. To defend against AE attacks, we improve the robustness of our detection system by alternatively retraining with these newly generated AEs. Surprisingly, after retraining five times, AAGAN can achieve an 89% success rate in bypassing our malware detection system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2196888824500039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T15:26:19Z","timestamp":1705073179000},"page":"275-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AAGAN: Android Malware Generation System Based on Generative Adversarial Network"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doan Minh","family":"Trung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6418-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nghi Hoang","family":"Khoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5945-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phan The","family":"Duy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3147-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van-Hau","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Tan","family":"Cam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2196888824500039BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0422-5_3"},{"key":"S2196888824500039BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2932228"},{"key":"S2196888824500039BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00073"},{"key":"S2196888824500039BIB007","first-page":"3971","volume-title":"Proc. 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