{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1778012801841,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"06","funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BK20230827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230827"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62303109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62372414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhishan Young Scholar Research Fund of Southeast University","award":["2242024RCB0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242024RCB0011"]}]},{"name":"Southeast University Start-up Research","award":["RF1028623002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1028623002"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Lianyungang, China","award":["CG2418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CG2418"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Un. Sys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As UAV technology has become more popular in various fields, tracking UAV swarms has gradually become a hot topic in recent years. Traditional tracking algorithms struggle to distinguish individual targets within the swarm under conditions of high clutter rates, low measurement rates and limited sensor resolution, resulting in limited available measurements. In this scenario, tracking each target within the swarm becomes impractical, necessitating a focus on the overall state of the UAV swarms rather than the individual states of its constituents. However, the existing methods have shown unsatisfactory tracking performance for UAV swarm in challenging scenarios with low measurement rates. To enhance the tracking performance in such challenging scenarios, in this paper, we propose a UAV swarm tracking method, called ST-UST, which combines a deep learning network named swin transformer with the Kalman filter. The core element of the proposed ST-UST method lies in the utilization of swin transformer to process images derived from noisy point clouds. In this method, swin transformer can achieve the inference of swarm shape parameters, and the Kalman filter is utilized to estimate swarm kinematic parameters. Experimental results show that, in comparison with the existing methods, the proposed ST-UST method has significant competitiveness in challenging scenarios with low measurement rates, and the maximum tracking accuracy can be improved by nearly 20.7%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2301385025420087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T05:34:10Z","timestamp":1742967250000},"page":"1673-1681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deep Learning-Assisted Tracking for Unresolvable UAV Swarm with Low Measurement Rates"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5792-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-5537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6771-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianghui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiufang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2024.3471860"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2023.3292745"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2023.3343347"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3162930"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3266627"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2301385020500090"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2301385025500128"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2301385022500029"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2024.109665"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3275633"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3001174"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2020.3034028"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2891006"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB014","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. SDF","author":"Govaers F."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2929462"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2008.4655362"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB017","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Signal Processing and Infomation Technology","author":"Baum M."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB019","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Information Fusion","author":"Steuernagel S."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB020","first-page":"1359","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE CVPR","author":"Giancola S."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2024.109600"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB022","first-page":"10012","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision","author":"Liu Z."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB023","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Fusion","author":"Granstr\u00f6m K."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2003.1261132"},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB025","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Optics Engineering","author":"Gilholm K."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB030","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems","author":"Yang S."},{"key":"S2301385025420087BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3240740"}],"container-title":["Unmanned Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S2301385025420087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:57:02Z","timestamp":1761721022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S2301385025420087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S2301385025420087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s2301385025420087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2301-3850","2301-3869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2301-3850","type":"print"},{"value":"2301-3869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]}}}