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New actuation technologies are necessary to produce flexible instrumentation that is capable of accessing difficult-to-reach anatomy and performing laborious tasks without damaging delicate tissues. Recently, concentric McKibben muscles and dual-chamber pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have been proposed for use in miniature flexible robotic surgical instrumentation. In this study, several varieties of a hybrid concentric dual-chamber PAM design are built and their force generation and stroke length are compared to a contractile McKibben muscle. The concentric dual-chamber PAM is designed to provide surgical access for large diameter (1.5\u20132.0 mm) instruments to be delivered to the surgical site in a pneumatically sealed actuator suitable for miniaturization and integration into surgical devices used in fluid environments (fetal applications in particular). Force output of the concentric dual-chamber PAM is modeled and compared to experimental results. Initial results suggest that the newly introduced design produces a higher actuation force per unit length than traditional McKibben muscles. The prototype dual-channel PAM produced a maximum 15.25 N of force and 8.39 mm of stroke, in comparison to 13.31 N of force and 19.3 mm of stroke produced by a traditional contractile McKibben muscle of the same length, outer diameter, and materials. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2424905x22410070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T07:21:02Z","timestamp":1661498462000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Concentric Dual-Chamber Pneumatic Artificial Muscles: Miniature Actuators Designed for Use in Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"07","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1985-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Lathrop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mouloud","family":"Ourak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Deprest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Vander","family":"Poorten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027030"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.041"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441915"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2011.01.002"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X11433495"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-012-9650-y"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2015.08.025"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364905052437"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1630812"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/act10020026"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2006.1642051"},{"key":"S2424905X22410070BIB014","first-page":"1","volume-title":"ACTUATOR; Int. 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