{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:35:38Z","timestamp":1776753338256,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. AI. Consci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into design practice has intensified debates surrounding authorship, agency, and ethics. Although AI systems are increasingly embedded in creative workflows, they are often framed as neutral tools or collaborative partners without sufficient attention to their socio-technical construction and the biases embedded in their training data. This paper critically examines the relationship between designers and AI systems through a theoretical and pedagogical lens. Drawing on Flusser\u2019s concept of the apparatus and Floridi\u2019s philosophy of information, it situates contemporary AI as a human-designed, data-driven system that mediates and restructures creative processes rather than functioning as an autonomous subject. The paper argues that clarifying the distinction between perceived agency and experiential subjectivity is essential for understanding accountability in AI-mediated design. In response, it proposes a practice-oriented educational framework aimed at cultivating ethical reflexivity and critical AI literacy among design students and professionals. By articulating a relational and socio-technical perspective on human-AI interaction, the paper contributes to ongoing discussions in design theory and education about responsibility, bias, and the distribution of agency in generative systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2705078526400072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:59:23Z","timestamp":1774882763000},"page":"115-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Designing with a Mirror: Human Agency and the Myth of AI Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8179-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIDCOM\/IADE, Unidade de Investigac\u00a0\u0327ao em Design e Comunicac\u00a0\u0327ao, Jardim Anto\u00ecnio Augusto Simenta Mordido, 2 - 1885 Moscavide, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB001","unstructured":"Allyn, B. 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[2024] Coca-Cola causes controversy with AI-made ad, NBC News. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/tech\/innovation\/coca-cola-causes-controversy-ai-made-ad-rcna180665."},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB017","unstructured":"Jamali, L. [2025] Google starts embedding AI chatbot into search,\n                      BBC\n                      . https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cpw77qwd117o."},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/99608f92.f06c6e61"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/074793603765201406"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14346.001.0001"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54254\/2755-2721\/76\/20240576"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB022","unstructured":"Manovich, L., Fang, H. and Zhang, M. [2017] Automating aesthetics: Artificial intelligence and image culture. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:211116298."},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107256"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB024","unstructured":"Morris, R. [2025] Hollywood celebrities outraged over new AI actor Tilly Norwood,\n                      BBC\n                      . https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c99glvn5870o."},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB025","volume-title":"Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy","author":"O\u2019Neil C.","year":"2016","edition":"1"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB026","unstructured":"Parker, H. [2023] How Duolingo uses AI to create lessons faster, Duolingo Blog. https:\/\/blog.duolingo.com\/large-language-model-duolingo-lessons\/."},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00419-4"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB028","volume-title":"Proc. Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2024): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems.","author":"Simas G.","year":"2024"},{"key":"S2705078526400072BIB029","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Int. Joint Conf. Computational Intelligence","author":"Smith N. 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