{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:45:33Z","timestamp":1771958733011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2041307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2041307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1400802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1400802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1462280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1462280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Artif. Intell. Robot. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based multi-stream framework to recognize American Sign Language (ASL) manual signs and nonmanual gestures (face and head movements) in real time from RGB-D videos. Our approach is based on 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs) by fusing the multi-modal features including hand gestures, facial expressions, and body poses from multiple channels (RGB, Depth, Motion, and Skeleton joints). To learn the overall temporal dynamics in a video, a proxy video is generated by selecting a subset of frames for each video which are then used to train the proposed 3D CNN model. We collected a new ASL dataset, ASL-100-RGBD, which contains 42 RGB-D videos captured by a Microsoft Kinect V2 camera. Each video consists of 100 ASL manual signs, along with RGB channel, Depth maps, Skeleton joints, Face features, and HD face. The dataset is fully annotated for each semantic region (i.e. the time duration of each sign that the human signer performs). Our proposed method achieves 92.88% accuracy for recognizing 100 ASL sign glosses in our newly collected ASL-100-RGBD dataset. The effectiveness of our framework for recognizing hand gestures from RGB-D videos is further demonstrated on a large-scale dataset, ChaLearn IsoGD, achieving the state-of-the-art results. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2972335324500017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T10:33:17Z","timestamp":1699871597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multi-Modal Multi-Channel American Sign Language Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"01","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elahe","family":"Vahdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longlong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Huenerfauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4458-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingli","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB001","volume-title":"Linguistics of American Sign Language: An Introduction","author":"Valli C.","year":"2011"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sls.2006.0019"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB004","volume-title":"American Sign Language Demystified: Hard Stuff Made Easy","author":"Mulrooney K.","year":"2010"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB005","volume-title":"Proc. Language Resources and Evaluation Conf. (LREC)","author":"Neidle C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB006","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)","author":"Metaxas D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/5.4.337"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3046788"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB010","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Proceedings of the LREC2020 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Sign Language Resources in the Service of the Language Community, Technological Challenges and Application Perspectives","author":"Hassan S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2016.100"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(88)90048-9"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB013","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Integration of Gesture in Language and Speech","author":"Kadous M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.671007"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2006.886347"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.09.014"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2016.7532886"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.735811"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.172"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.26"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2010.02.004"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0957-7"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB023","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16178-5_40","volume-title":"ECCV 2014: Computer Vision","volume":"8925","author":"Pigou L.","year":"2014"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/123"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00812"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.365"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.175"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.332"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2015.69"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.412"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983310.2989187"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2910674.2910716"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-018-1121-3"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-013-0672-6"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00280"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2021.103280"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2021.103193"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02216"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00249"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01037"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553781"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.10.046"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2008.4813472"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353774"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.112"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATSIP.2017.8075561"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113794"},{"issue":"4","key":"S2972335324500017BIB049","first-page":"1659","volume":"26","author":"Ariesta M. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2934-1_14"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB052","first-page":"613","volume-title":"Proc. 2023 7th Int. Conf. Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC)","author":"Minu R.","year":"2023"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12122678"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2011.6130290"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070481.2070532"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB059","volume-title":"Proc. 2013 IEEE Int. Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","author":"Chai X.","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2013.2246148"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE.2014.38"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.05.024"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100135"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-011-0480-9"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3247761"},{"issue":"3","key":"S2972335324500017BIB066","first-page":"19","volume":"16","author":"Ashraf Ali S. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst."},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33783-3_61"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29347-4_46"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20801-5_59"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.08.132"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2015.09.013"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2020.102772"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2020.102842"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2021.103200"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2020.102771"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.01.016"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2021.103055"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2021.103121"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01804"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00626"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01953"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB082","first-page":"1097","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"25","author":"Krizhevsky A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_23"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298878"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2558148"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.223"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB091","first-page":"568","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"27","author":"Simonyan K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB092","first-page":"4694","volume-title":"Proc. 2015 IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Ng J. Y.-H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00685"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.59"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.590"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.510"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00675"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3059098"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.06.042"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00380"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00382"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i2.16247"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW54805.2022.00024"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2022.3144000"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3143074"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB108","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Workshop Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon (LREC)","author":"Neidle C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB109","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Workshop Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon and 8th Int. Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012)","author":"Lu P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB110","first-page":"3785","volume-title":"Proc. Eighth Int. Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation","author":"Forster J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35749-7_22"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2008.4563181"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMI.2002.1166987"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enaa038"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0742-0"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093512"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2008-20207"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB119","first-page":"80","volume":"60","author":"Dreuw P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB120","volume-title":"Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201908)","author":"Dreuw P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168987.1169002"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB122","volume-title":"Proc. LREC2020 9th Workshop Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Sign Language Resources in the Service of the Language Community, Technological Challenges and Application Perspectives","author":"\u00d6zdemir O.","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3028072"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2016.7552950"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB125","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Workshop Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Involving the Language Community","author":"Efthimiou E.","year":"2018"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3070438"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-014-0596-3"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB129","first-page":"1383","volume-title":"Proc. Tenth Int. Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201916)","author":"Camg\u00f6z N. C.","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00276"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB131","volume-title":"Proc. LREC2022 10th Workshop Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Multilingual Sign Language Resources","author":"Hassan S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.502"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00549"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11040091"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112829"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00018"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062405"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131343"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.360"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01952"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i4.16471"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.370"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.369"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2818329"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.03.038"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-02920-8"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB148","series-title":"Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59480-4_12","volume-title":"KES-IIMSS-18 2018: Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services","volume":"76","author":"Palmeri M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"S2972335324500017BIB149","first-page":"863732","volume":"2015","author":"Liu W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S2972335324500017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T06:19:07Z","timestamp":1709533147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S2972335324500017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S2972335324500017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s2972335324500017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2972-3353","2972-3361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2972-3353","type":"print"},{"value":"2972-3361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"article-number":"2450001"}}