{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:38:24Z","timestamp":1782484704070,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginseng is one of the most widely used Chinese herbal medicines. In this report, the relatively short-term effect of ginseng extract on the immunoglobulin production and cytokine production was studied. The ginseng extract was prepared by boiling the ground ginseng root in 50% ethanol. The specific pathogen-free mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with various doses of ginseng extract for 3 consecutive days. The results indicated that the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG and IgA were significantly elevated after the mice were i.p. injected with 4 g\/kg\/day of ginseng extract. Under in vitro condition, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells showed a dose-dependent increase in secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA. However, at a higher dosage (4 g\/kg\/day), the amount of IgA secretion began to decline. The serum level of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 [T-helper (Th)1-type cytokines] and IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2-type cytokines) were significantly elevated after the mice were i.p. injected with 2 g\/kg\/day or higher doses of ginseng extract. The amount of cytokine secretion by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen cells was also significantly enhanced after the mice were i.p. injected with 0.4 g\/kg\/day or higher dose of ginseng extracted. To further confirm the results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the spleen cells were cultured for 36 hours in the presence of 1 \u03bcg\/ml of Con A. Total mRNA was isolated and assayed for mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results revealed that expression of IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 mRNA were dose-dependently enhanced by the ethanol extract of ginseng. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression were also elevated in the spleen cells of ginseng-treated mice in comparison with that of the control group. In addition, we observed that the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b in culture supernatants of spleen cells were dose-dependently increased by in vivo treatment of ginseng extract, suggesting that both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines were involved in IgG production. Our observation in this study demonstrated that the Chinese herbal drug ginseng was able to regulate antibody production by augmenting Th1- (IL-2, IFN-\u03b3) and Th2-type (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x04001771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,26]],"date-time":"2004-04-26T09:18:00Z","timestamp":1082971080000},"page":"75-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Intraperitoneal Injection of Ginseng Extract Enhances Both Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chian-Jiun","family":"Liou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerming","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979609007111"},{"key":"rf2","unstructured":"D. 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