{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1761862471317},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) represent a common oral mucosal disease with altered humoral and cellular immunities. Tien-Hsien liquid (THL) is an extract of Chinese medicinal herbs with immunomodulating effects. Our previous study found that THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cells isolated from RAU patients. In this study, we further tested whether THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated cytokine production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. To achieve this goal, T-cells isolated from 19 RAU patients were incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), glutaraldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxoid (TT), glucosyltransferase D (GtfD), or antigens of Streptococcus mutans in the presence or absence of THL. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), IL-6, or IL-10 in the supernatants of T-cell cultures were measured by cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found that THL significantly increased the PHA- or TT-stimulated TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-10 production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. However, THL could also significantly decrease the TT-stimulated IL-2 production, the GtfD-stimulated IL-2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-10 production, and the S. mutans-stimulated IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10 production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. These results indicate that THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated cytokine production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. Because RAU is probably a Thl-mediated disease with elevated levels of IL-2, IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 in either the patient's sera or oral lesions and these increased levels of cytokines can be reduced by THL, we suggest that THL may be a potential immunoceutical agent for treatment of RAU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x05003168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,18]],"date-time":"2005-08-18T11:48:38Z","timestamp":1124365718000},"page":"559-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["\"Tien-Hsien Liquid\" Can Modulate Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Production by T-Cells Isolated from Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Andy","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-San","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Pin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.749"},{"key":"rf2","first-page":"827","volume":"134","author":"Buno I. 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