{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:12:36Z","timestamp":1782832356101,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polysaccharide-rich Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa have been considered to have immune-modulating activity. This study investigated the effects of water extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa (HE) on carbon tetrachloride ( CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)-induced liver injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: normal diet + peritoneal injection of olive oil (control), normal diet + CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>injection ( CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), 1 \u00d7 HE (0.05% HE for each) + CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(1 \u00d7 HE), and 3 \u00d7 HE (0.15% HE for each) + CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(3 \u00d7 HE) groups. Rats were injected with 40% CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>at a dose of 0.75 ml\/kg body weight once a week for seven weeks, one week after herbal extract treatment. After eight week herbal extract treatment, pathohistological examination showed that both 1\u00d7 and 3 \u00d7 HE treatments diminished necrotic hepatocytes, chemoattraction of inflammatory cells, and liver fibrosis. Both 1\u00d7 and 3 \u00d7 HE treatments decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and reduced hepatic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines \u2014 tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 \u2014 compared to CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>treatment alone. The 1 \u00d7 HE treatment increased hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Both the 1\u00d7 and 3 \u00d7 HE treatments suppressed liver fibrosis biomarkers \u2014 transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and hydroxyproline. Therefore, treatment with water extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa (0.05% and 0.15% for each) for eight weeks protects against necrotic damage, indicated by decreases in plasma ALT and AST activities, and suppresses liver fibrosis by down-regulation of liver inflammation in rats with CCl4-induced liver injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x11009482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]],"date-time":"2011-11-14T07:32:56Z","timestamp":1321255976000},"page":"1173-1191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Hot Water Extracted<i>Lycium Barbarum<\/i>and<i>Rehmannia Glutinosa<\/i>Inhibit Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Po-Shan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ju","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hui","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ho","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane C.-J.","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.11.005"},{"key":"rf2","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","year":"1995"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.07.029"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2001-1-218","volume":"56","author":"Boll M.","journal-title":"Z. 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