{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T07:55:51Z","timestamp":1787039751649,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) flower (CCDF) has antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties, but its anti-obesity properties have not been previously examined. In this study, we tested the effect of CCDF absolute on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 cells and determining the bioactive component of CCDF absolute in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. CCDF absolute (0.1\u2013100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL) did not change 3T3-L1 cell viability. At 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL, the absolute significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced by culture in medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine\/dexamethasone\/insulin (MDI). GC\/MS analysis showed that CCDF absolute contains 10 compounds. Among these compounds, cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ol) dose-dependently inhibited the increased accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-contained medium-cultured 3T3-L1 cells at a concentration range of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL that did not cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect was significant at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]) and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]). Moreover, the enhanced expression of obesity-related proteins (PPAR[Formula: see text], C\/EBP[Formula: see text], SREBP-1c, and FAS) in MDI medium-cultivated 3T3-L1 cells was significantly attenuated by the addition of cinnamyl alcohol at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g\/mL. These findings demonstrate that cinnamyl alcohol suppresses 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by inhibiting anti-adipogenesis-related proteins, and it may be a main bioactive component of CCDF absolute, exerting antidifferentiation action in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol, as well as CCDF absolute, may be potential candidates for the prevention or treatment of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x17500446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T12:49:23Z","timestamp":1494506963000},"page":"833-846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cinnamyl Alcohol, the Bioactive Component of Chestnut Flower Absolute, Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dae Il","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Jong","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwan Myung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58719"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.02.088"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.09.030"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100177"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803708"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.07.001"},{"key":"S0192415X17500446BIB007","first-page":"809","volume":"14","author":"Gamboa-G\u00f3mez C.I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Excli. 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