{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T02:47:21Z","timestamp":1786243641960,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism via the AMPK pathway in high glucose (HG) conditions. However, the effect of RCE on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of RCE against hyperglycemic insult in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with or without RCE and then exposed to 33[Formula: see text]mM HG medium. The cell viability, nitrite production, oxidative stress markers, and vasoactive factors, as well as the mechanisms underlying RCE action, were then investigated. We found that RCE significantly improved cell death, nitric oxide (NO) defects, and oxidative stress in HG conditions. In addition, RCE significantly decreased the HG-induced vasoactive markers, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the RCE-restored AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO axis and cell viability were abolished by the presence of an AMPK inhibitor. These findings suggested that the protective effects of RCE were associated with the AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway. In conclusion, we showed that RCE protected endothelial cells from hyperglycemic insult and demonstrated its potential for use as a treatment for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x17500665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T21:29:51Z","timestamp":1503437391000},"page":"1201-1216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Rhodiola crenulata<\/i> Attenuates High Glucose Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Li-Yen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chuan","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Cheng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blerina","family":"Ahmetaj-Shala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsu-Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Sung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed General Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1200-y"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.022"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508073637"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00192.2002"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-45"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04266.x"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0157-z"},{"key":"S0192415X17500665BIB008","first-page":"10","volume":"1","author":"Fan Y.F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. 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