{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:37:04Z","timestamp":1768268224646,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (Araliaceae) is an endemic species that grows in Southwestern Korea and has been used as a folk medicine. Several studies reported that D. morbifera leaves have diverse therapeutic potentials. We found that the water extract of D. morbifera leaves increased the growth of EL-4 T cells. The water extract was divided into five fractions: [Formula: see text]-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, [Formula: see text]-butanol, and water layers. The ethyl acetate (W-EA) fraction showed a more significant effect than the other fractions on the growth of EL-4 T cells, splenocytes, and isolated murine CD4[Formula: see text] T cells. We evaluated the W-EA fraction for its immunomodulatory effects focusing on T cell functions. First, we tested the effect of the W-EA fraction on the regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a potent T cell growth factor. The W-EA fraction significantly increased IL-2 secretion in EL-4 T cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (Io). In addition, the W-EA fraction increased interferon-gamma (IFN-[Formula: see text] production in isolated murine splenocytes activated with Concanavalin A (ConA). Next, we examined the effect of the W-EA fraction on the regulation of transcriptional factors related to IL-2 production in T cells. The W-EA fraction significantly increased PMA\/Io-induced promoter activity of a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) in EL-4 T cells, but did not show any significant effects on the promoters of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-[Formula: see text]B). These results indicate that the W-EA fraction from water extract of D. morbifera leaves enhances IL-2 production at the transcriptional levels via the up-regulation of NF-AT in PMA\/Io-activated EL-4 T cells. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x18500234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T01:54:10Z","timestamp":1518486850000},"page":"453-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ethyl Acetate Fraction from <i>Dendropanax morbifera<\/i> Leaves Increases T Cell Growth by Upregulating NF-AT-Mediated IL-2 Secretion"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jung Up","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bok Yun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00823"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3156"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-016-0057-6"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204385"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2014.12.012"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.10.011"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4489\/MYCO.2010.38.4.316"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.091301.131133"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.8.4.1715"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.06.010"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090002"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060293"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-233585"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19990012"},{"key":"S0192415X18500234BIB015","first-page":"393","volume":"10","author":"Jeong B.S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Korean J. 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