{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:53:27Z","timestamp":1768074807680,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported. A crude polysaccharide was isolated from ginseng berry as a ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) and was further fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to obtain the three polysaccharide fractions GBPP-I, -II and -III. GBPP-I consisted of mainly galactose (46.9%) and arabinose (27.5%). GBPP-I showed a high dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by GBPP-I showed the greatest enhancement of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] production. In addition, an ex vivo assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity showed that oral ([Formula: see text] administration of GBPP-I significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity in YAC-1 tumor cells and production of granzyme B. Prophylactic intravenous ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] administration of GBPP-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Depletion of NK cells after injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of GBPP-I on lung metastasis, indicating that NK cells play an important role in anticancer effects. GBPP-I exerts a strong immune-enhancing activity and can prevent cancer metastasis through activation of NK cells and other immune-related cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x19500435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T01:34:47Z","timestamp":1557970487000},"page":"823-839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Immunostimulating and Antimetastatic Effects of Polysaccharides Purified from Ginseng Berry"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Dae-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan Woong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&amp;D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ryung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Bang","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&amp;D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Soon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0220374"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00212-9"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.005"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90377-1"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.014"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc865"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.10.006"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2013.10"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80085"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90057-4"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-0509"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.04.010"},{"key":"S0192415X19500435BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.1.34","volume":"127","author":"Habu S.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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