{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:43:32Z","timestamp":1785523412064,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Autophagic defects are a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson\u2019s disorder (PD). Enhancing autophagy to remove impaired mitochondria and toxic protein aggregation is an essential component of PD treatment. In particular, activation of autophagy confers neuroprotection in cellular and preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in mice with established PD and evaluated the relationship between EA, autophagy, and different neurons in the mouse brain. We report that EA improves PD motor symptoms in mice and enhances (1) autophagy initiation (increased Beclin 1), (2) autophagosome biogenesis (increased Atg5, Atg7, Atg9A, Atg12, Atg16L, Atg3, and LC3-II), (3) autophagy flux\/substrate degradation (decreased p62), and (4) mitophagy (increased PINK1 and DJ-1) in neurons of the substantia nigra, striatum, hippocampus, and cortex (affected brain areas of PD, Huntington disease, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease). EA enhances autophagy initiation, autophagosome biogenesis, mitophagy, and autophagy flux\/substrate degradation in certain brain areas. Our findings are the first to show that EA regulates neuronal autophagy and suggest that this convenient, inexpensive treatment has exciting therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x20500822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1605671053000},"page":"1651-1669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Electroacupuncture Improves Motor Symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Promotes Neuronal Autophagy Activity in Mouse Brain"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ti","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaung-Geng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ya","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X20500822BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(08)03612-4","volume":"452","author":"Bjorkoy G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"S0192415X20500822BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6926","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0800-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"Boland B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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