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Licorice enhances intestinal barrier integrity and protects gastrointestinal mucosa by upregulating tight junction proteins, activating repair pathways like epidermal growth factor receptor\/extracellular regulated protein kinases (EGFR\/ERK), and modulating inflammatory signaling via the tumor necrosis factor\/nuclear factor-\u03baB (TNF\/NF-\u03baB) pathway. At the systemic level, licorice modulates core pathways like Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)\/NF-\u03baB and farnesoid X receptor\/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (FXR\/TGR5) through cross-organ axes such as the gut\u2013immune, gut\u2013liver, and gut\u2013adipose axes to improve conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, licorice poses dose-dependent risks which raise concerns regarding its safety. Long-term high-dose use may induce pseudohyperaldosteronism and interactions with multiple medications, and thus necessitates strict clinical dose control. This study reveals the gut microbiota\u2019s central mediating role in licorice\u2019s efficacy, and thereby provides theoretical support for its rational clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x26500187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:17:58Z","timestamp":1772090278000},"page":"509-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacological Effects of Licorice (\n                    <i>Glycyrrhiza<\/i>\n                    spp.) and Its Bioactive Constituents: The Perspective of Intestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1169-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X26500187BIB001","first-page":"e72975","volume":"16","author":"Albahlawan R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0192415X26500187BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12997"},{"key":"S0192415X26500187BIB003","first-page":"e34425","volume":"15","author":"Blanpain J.S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0192415X26500187BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2023.03.004","volume":"44","author":"Car\u00e9 W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. 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