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These compounds demonstrate significant neuroprotective effects across various NDD models which include Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Their mechanisms involve multi-target actions such as inhibiting pathological protein aggregation (A\u03b2, tau, \u03b1-synuclein), attenuating neuroinflammation via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 pathways, reducing oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation, mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibiting ferroptosis, and counteracting glutamate excitotoxicity. While pharmacokinetic studies reveal favorable brain distribution for HBA, its clinical translation faces challenges including blood-brain barrier penetration and the need for human trials. Advances in delivery systems, like focused ultrasound, show promise. This review both synthesizes the current evidence on GAS and HBA to highlight their multifaceted mechanisms and potential as multi-target agents for NDD intervention, and outlines future research directions for their clinical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x26500199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:04:27Z","timestamp":1771589067000},"page":"529-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin as Potential Neuroprotectors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5393-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai 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