{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:33:23Z","timestamp":1791657203907,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Program for Medicine and Health","award":["2023KY411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY411"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Program for Medicine and Health","award":["2025KY1880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY1880"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Poultry Industry Technology System","award":["HARS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HARS-06"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education","award":["24B0219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24B0219"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20240652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240652"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20240064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Icariin (ICA), an isoprenylated flavonoid glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium, is the primary bioactive constituent of that herb. ICA has been documented to have a diverse array of bioactivities which encompass anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, anti-oxidant stress resistance, anti-aging properties, antitumor activity, anti-osteoporotic effects, and reproductive function enhancement. ICA intervenes in basic processes such as cellular stress, inflammation, metabolism and death through multiple targets and pathways, and can restore the body\u2019s balance in specific pathological states. Building on these findings, this paper describes ICA\u2019s therapeutic efficacy across diverse pathologies, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, ischemic stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases, while elucidating its underlying molecular mechanisms. This study also explores new methods of preparing ICA with the goal of both expanding its therapeutic uses and supporting its clinical translation. However, the toxicological profile and clinical evidence for ICA are still not well understood, and thus, more research is needed before ICA can be confirmed as a viable treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x26500448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T08:34:41Z","timestamp":1781253281000},"page":"1193-1212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Icariin from\n                    <i>Epimedium<\/i>\n                    : A Multi-Target Natural Flavonoid and Its Multi-Disease Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4954-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, Zhejiang Province, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6091-3277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-680X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9532-8444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9475-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, Zhejiang Province, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, Zhejiang Province, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB001","first-page":"e68238","volume":"16","author":"Agircan D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113180"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0106"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB004","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Brown E.S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1418111"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.001245"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01094-4"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00820-x"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1006434"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2025.118317"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155076"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216048"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.12.024"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1231706"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgae100"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.940926"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1688847"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6666836"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03692-6"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S398887"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156224"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB022","first-page":"e2412953","volume":"12","author":"He D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109611"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.10.006"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2025.5758"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3773"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106635"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04129-5"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12284"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2024.101106"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1389754"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1195525"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04137-z"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116765"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945129"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14518"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606912"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2206166"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S414046"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB041","first-page":"307","volume":"71","author":"Martiniakova M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043748"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB043","first-page":"1405","volume":"16","author":"Ren Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102385"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116422"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105739"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14648"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10374"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147519"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102392"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114156"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7854"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114280"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200713184138"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02309-6"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2023.2253990"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2020.1836488"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108991"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114155"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16282"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112010"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03063-2"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.05.001"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02711-1"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad2554"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117414"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1255611"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.113989"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112642"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121841"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271221097363"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.611722"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03266-9"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109275"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154890"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00847-2"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2022.8326"},{"key":"S0192415X26500448BIB080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1307-6"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Chinese Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0192415X26500448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:22:41Z","timestamp":1782706961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S0192415X26500448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0192415X26500448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0192415x26500448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-415X","1793-6853"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-415X","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6853","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}