{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:40:33Z","timestamp":1793745633425,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"Health@InnoHK Initiative Fund of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government","award":["ITC RC\/IHK\/4\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITC RC\/IHK\/4\/7"]}]},{"name":"Tang Foundations, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health","award":["5P30DK042086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30DK042086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Chin. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rhubarb root and the senna leaf are two commonly used laxative herbs for functional constipation, containing dianthrones and free anthraquinones. As a free anthraquinone, emodin is a crucial constituent isolated from laxative botanicals, and it is particularly abundant in the rhubarb root, a key ingredient in the classic Chinese medicine formula MaZiRenWan (or herbal medicine CDD-2101). This study explored emodin\u2019s anti-malignancy, anti-inflammation, and underlying mechanisms. We examined emodin and other anthraquinones on human colorectal cancer cell proliferation, then used Apc\n                    <jats:sup>Min\/<\/jats:sup>\n                    [Formula: see text] mice to assess effects on animal lifespan, intestinal tumor multiplicity, inflammatory cytokines, and adaptive immunity. Results showed MaZiRenWan extract inhibited HCT-116\/HT-29 human cancer cells. However, two primary dianthrone sennosides, sennoside A and sennoside B, did not demonstrate such pronounced effects. Three free anthraquinones, emodin, aloe-emodin, and rhein, displayed antiproliferative effects on cancer cells, which were observed to be significantly concentration- and time-dependent, with emodin demonstrating the strongest action. Emodin was found to induce cell cycle arrest during the S-G2\/M phases and trigger apoptosis. In vivo, emodin extended Apc\n                    <jats:sup>Min\/[Formula: see text]<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice lifespan, reduced gut tumors, downregulated gut tissue levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-8, G-CSF, and GM-CSF; this result was supported by the IL-8 secretion test. Emodin had no inhibitory effect on regulatory Treg cell differentiation, yet it effectively suppressed the Th1 and the Th17 cell differentiation. In conclusion, emodin prevents colorectal cancer via inhibiting cell growth, anti-inflammation, and adaptive immunity modulation, highlighting its potential in inflammation-associated colorectal cancer prevention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x26500588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:51:21Z","timestamp":1784019081000},"page":"1585-1605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-Malignancy and Anti-Inflammation Properties of Emodin, an Essential Constituent in Popular Laxative Botanicals"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0793-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9942-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiankang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7175-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9624-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, The No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sawadogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0950-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong-Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8975-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao-Xiang","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiqiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Yi","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0711-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Su","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.02.015"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172525"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB003","first-page":"e05090","volume":"16","author":"EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa011"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107692"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30331-9_4"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.01.024"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.819224"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB009","first-page":"2490","volume":"8","author":"Huang Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-023-0996-8"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X12443093"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.714586"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HM9.0000000000000135"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB014","first-page":"943","volume":"22","author":"Li X.L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-1280-5"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7373"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-004-0956-1"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/287247"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000942"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04657.x"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers3010994"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X21500956"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001222"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107810"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw617"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.4035"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.023"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21601"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.12.004"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2005.11.1059"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-006-0350-2"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114539"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2061295"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70447"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.564674"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X26500369"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.005"},{"key":"S0192415X26500588BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2025.118262"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Chinese Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0192415X26500588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:09:58Z","timestamp":1784603398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S0192415X26500588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0192415X26500588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0192415x26500588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-415X","1793-6853"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-415X","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6853","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}