{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:47:02Z","timestamp":1751431622877,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hong Kong Physiother. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten global stability. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mostly by respiratory droplets and direct contact but viral RNA fragments have also been detected in the faecal waste of patients with COVID-19. Cleanliness and effective sanitation of public toilets is a concern, as flushing the toilet is potentially an aerosol generating procedure. When the toilets are of the squatting type and without a cover, there exists a risk of viral contamination through the splashing of toilet water and aerosol generation. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Objective: This study aims to determine whether the cleanliness of public toilets was a concern to the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether a squatting toilet was preferred to a seated design. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods: A questionnaire was designed and posted on \u201cWeChat\u201d contact groups of the investigators. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: The survey showed that 91% of participants preferred squatting toilets, but that 72% were apprehensive of personal contamination when using public toilets. Over 63% of the respondents had encountered an incidence of water splash and would prefer public toilets to be covered during flushing and 83% of these respondents preferred a foot-controlled device. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusion: This survey suggests that consideration should be given to the installation of a simple foot-controlled device to cover public squatting toilets to help restrict potential COVID-19 contamination and to meet hygienic expectations of the public. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1013702521500116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T15:57:00Z","timestamp":1618761420000},"page":"119-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Limiting potential COVID-19 contagion in squatting public toilets"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang-Lan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Sha","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7560-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3682-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Y. M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-5672.2009.00057.x"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2013.814911"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02610.x"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2271-3"},{"volume-title":"China Statistical Yearbook","year":"2019","author":"National Bureau of Statistics of the People\u2019s Republic of China","key":"S1013702521500116BIB013"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.09.043"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001143"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.1485"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.035"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.21.195"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.03.009"},{"key":"S1013702521500116BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00438-6"}],"container-title":["Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S1013702521500116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:01:00Z","timestamp":1665370860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S1013702521500116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S1013702521500116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s1013702521500116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1013-7025","1876-441X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1013-7025"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1876-441X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]}}}