{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:50:12Z","timestamp":1792731012896,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nano LIFE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The 23 amino acid-long extracellular domain of the influenza virus transmembrane protein M2 (M2e) has remained highly conserved since the 1918 pandemic, and is thus considered a good candidate for development of a universal influenza A vaccine. However, M2e is poorly immunogenic. In this study we assessed the potential of increasing immunogenicity of M2e by constructing a nanoscale-designed protein polymer containing the M2e sequence and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanodomain consisting of alanine and tyrosine guest residues (ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>). The ELP nanodomain was included to increase antigen size, and to exploit the inherent thermal inverse phase transition behavior of ELPs to purify the protein polymer. The ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub> + M2e nanodomained molecule was recombinantly synthesized. Characterization of its inverse phase transition behavior demonstrated that attachment of M2e to ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub> increased its transition temperature compared to ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>. Using a dot blot test we determined that M2e conjugated to ELP is recognizable by M2e-specific antibodies, suggesting that the conjugation process does not adversely affect the immunogenic property of M2e. Further, upon vaccinating mice with ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub> + M2e it was found that indeed the nanodomained protein enhanced M2e-specific antibodies in mouse serum compared to free M2e peptide and ELP(A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>YA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>. The immune serum could also recognize M2 expressed on influenza virions. Overall, this data suggests the potential of using molecules containing M2e-ELP nanodomains to develop a universal influenza vaccine. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1793984414500044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T02:40:36Z","timestamp":1404268836000},"page":"1450004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Synthesis and Immunogenicity Assessment of Elastin-Like Polypeptide-M2e Construct as an Influenza Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"04","author":[{"given":"Rohan S.","family":"Ingrole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatindra N.","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvinder S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810378651"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0300-9475.2004.01382.x"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.139"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.005"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.007"},{"key":"rf8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.02.030"},{"key":"rf9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.06.010"},{"key":"rf10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00009-9"},{"key":"rf11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-3-102"},{"key":"rf12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.061"},{"key":"rf13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.062"},{"key":"rf14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.02.021"},{"key":"rf15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.04.026"},{"key":"rf16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.12.034"},{"key":"rf17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636959"},{"key":"rf18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20493"},{"key":"rf19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.052"},{"key":"rf20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856207779996904"},{"key":"rf21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm901387t"},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.10.001"},{"key":"rf23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.05.004"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00319-4"},{"key":"rf25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.10.003"},{"key":"rf26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.054"},{"key":"rf27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12052808"},{"key":"rf28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12049"},{"key":"rf29","author":"Floss D. 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