{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:11:33Z","timestamp":1760080293217},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Asian-Pac Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Geometrically, rings distribute their stress along their arc instead of concentrating at any one point. The forearm ring is composed of the radius, ulna, proximal radioulnar joint, and distal radioulnar joint. The annular ligament, interosseous membrane, and triangular fibrocartilage complex link and stabilize the ring. Injuries to the forearm occur along a continuum with recognized patterns of ring disruption, including Galeazzi, Monteggia, and Essex-Lopresti injuries. The Darrach procedure causes a disruption to the forearm ring and can lead to painful convergence between the radius and distal ulnar stump. Injuries to the forearm ring are unstable. Management of forearm injuries is centered on the restoration of the anatomy and stability of the forearm ring. Forearm ring injuries and their treatment are discussed in this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s2424835519300019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T08:04:51Z","timestamp":1566547491000},"page":"251-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evolution of the Ring Concept for the Forearm and Its Implication on Treatment: From Galeazzi, Monteggia, Essex-Lopresti, and Darrach to the Current Era"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kate","family":"Elzinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Calgary, South Health Campus, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.10.017"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.02.024"},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"131","author":"Monteggia GB","year":"1814","journal-title":"Milan"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196701000-00008"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199112000-00003"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199812000-00003"},{"issue":"6","key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2010\/076","volume":"77","author":"Fayaz HC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.08.032"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.21523"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739020-00002"},{"issue":"8","key":"p_11","first-page":"369","volume":"35","author":"Borens O","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.031"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003413312"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B2.244"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.11.009"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198809000-00013","volume":"234","author":"Edwards GS","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0069-x"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0257"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585070"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2016.12.002"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.02.010"},{"key":"p_23","first-page":"928","volume":"57","author":"Darrach W","year":"1913","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.03.028"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333465"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S2424835519300019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T11:13:35Z","timestamp":1695122015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S2424835519300019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S2424835519300019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s2424835519300019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2424-8355","2424-8363"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2424-8355","type":"print"},{"value":"2424-8363","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]}}}