{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:08:08Z","timestamp":1767006488973},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Neur. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocols rely on applying electrical current at a fixed intensity and duration without using surrogate markers to direct the interventions. This has led to some mixed results; especially because tDCS induced effects may vary depending on the ongoing level of brain activity. Therefore, the objective of this preliminary study was to assess the feasibility of an EEG-triggered tDCS system based on EEG online analysis of its frequency bands. Six healthy volunteers were randomized to participate in a double-blind sham-controlled crossover design to receive a single session of 10[Formula: see text]min 2[Formula: see text]mA cathodal and sham tDCS. tDCS trigger controller was based upon an algorithm designed to detect an increase in the relative beta power of more than 200%, accompanied by a decrease of 50% or more in the relative alpha power, based on baseline EEG recordings. EEG-tDCS closed-loop-system was able to detect the predefined EEG magnitude deviation and successfully triggered the stimulation in all participants. This preliminary study represents a proof-of-concept for the development of an EEG-tDCS closed-loop system in humans. We discuss and review here different methods of closed loop system that can be considered and potential clinical applications of such system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065717500265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T06:41:01Z","timestamp":1491979261000},"page":"1750026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Surface EEG-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Closed-Loop System"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Morales-Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aurore","family":"Thibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Doruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Chiun-Fan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Engineering Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Schachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rotenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and the F.M. 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