{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:34:02Z","timestamp":1759815242752,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"27","funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BSAB\/150324\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BSAB\/150324\/2019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/FIS\/00099\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/00099\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","award":["UNAM-DGAPA postdoctoral fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-DGAPA postdoctoral fellowship"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","award":["PAPIIT No. IN111518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT No. IN111518"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mod. Phys. A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We study spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry in nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics. Using a first-order formulation of the latter proposed by Pleba\u0144ski, we apply a Dirac constraint analysis and derive an effective Hamiltonian. We show that there exists a large class of potentials for which the effective Hamiltonian is bounded from below, while at the same time possessing local minima in which the field strength acquires a nonzero vacuum expectation value, thereby breaking Lorentz invariance spontaneously. These possible vacua can be classified in four classes, depending on the way Lorentz symmetry is broken. We show that the small field fluctuations around these vacua involve modes for which the dynamics can develop degeneracies, resulting in shock-wave-like and\/or superluminal motion. Finally, we study the physical applicability of these models, and show how the Lorentz breaking vacua might in principle be detected by coupling the model to a suitable external current, or to gravity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0217751x20501742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T07:41:17Z","timestamp":1601451677000},"page":"2050174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics and spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"C. A.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apdo. 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