{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:31:03Z","timestamp":1761863463903},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Info. Tech. Dec. Mak."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Risk matrices are adopted and recommended by many organizations, but the way they are usually constructed violates some basic theoretical principles, giving rise to inconsistent risk ratings. This paper studies ways in which multiple criteria and portfolio decision analyses can improve the design and deployment of risk matrices, using MACBETH (the \u201cMeasuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation TecHnique\u201d). Firstly, it introduces \u2018value risk-matrices\u2019, built with MACBETH in the following modeling steps: (1) building a value measurement scale on each impact dimension and constructing a subjective probability scale, (2) additive aggregation of the value scales into a cumulative value scale, and (3) design of the value risk-matrix. The value and probability scores of risks are plotted in the matrix and its analysis informs the identification of mitigation actions, which can then be prioritized making use of the recent portfolio module of the MACBETH decision support system. Taken all together, the paper sketches a new modeling approach for Improving Risk Matrice s (IRIS). <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219622015500170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T07:43:05Z","timestamp":1440142985000},"page":"45-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Designing and exploring risk matrices with MACBETH"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica D.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEG-IST, Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Bana e Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEG-IST, Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana F.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEG-IST, Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB002","volume-title":"Project Risk Management","author":"Chapman C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.51.3.354.14961"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7863(96)00030-0"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-89014-2"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB006","volume-title":"Risk Analysis: A Quantitative Guide","author":"Vose D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB007","volume-title":"A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK Guide","author":"Project Management Institute","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-7863(98)00051-9"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB009","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Risk Management: Challenge and Opportunity","author":"Alexander C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2008.04.009"},{"key":"S0219622015500170BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300801977261"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0219622015500170BIB013","first-page":"35","volume":"5","author":"Murray S. 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