{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T23:12:22Z","timestamp":1762125142513,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The intra-oceanic Kohistan island arc was initiated during the Cretaceous as a result of northward movement of the Indian Plate. The conventional assertion that the arc was erected above a north-dipping subduction zone has been challenged by an alternative hypothesis, which suggests that the arc was built above a south-dipping subduction zone. This hypothesis is based partly on the apparent presence of a \u2018Dupal\u2019 signature in mafic rocks of the arc, and partly on the occurrence of boninites exposed in the northern part of the arc. The \u2018Dupal\u2019 signature, with enhanced levels of radiogenic lead, is found only in rocks extracted from the mantle in equatorial regions. However, new radiogenic isotope data, presented here, suggest that the isotopic signature of the mafic volcanic rocks of the juvenile arc, rather than being \u2018Dupal\u2019-type, is a function of fluids derived from subduction and dehydration of sea-floor sediments. Boninitic volcanic rocks in the Kohistan arc form a volumetrically minor part of a compositionally diverse sequence in the northern part of the arc. Boninites and high-Mg andesites are found mostly, but not exclusively, in the fore-arc region, and evidence is accumulating that these may also be erupted into back-arc regions. Sedimentological and geochemical data suggest the Kohistan boninites to have been erupted into a short-lived back-arc basin. Both the eruption of boninites into the back-arc and the lack of a \u2018Dupal\u2019 signature would be consistent with northward subduction beneath Kohistan, although the latitude at which the arc was initiated remains unresolved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-764902-068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,17]],"date-time":"2008-10-17T17:05:35Z","timestamp":1224263135000},"page":"377-384","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Northward subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Kohistan island arc, Pakistan Himalaya: new evidence from isotopic data"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"S.M.","family":"Bignold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geodynamics and Crustal Processes Research Group, School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK (e-mail: S.Bignold@kingston.ac.uk)"}]},{"given":"P.J.","family":"Treloar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geodynamics and Crustal Processes Research Group, School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK (e-mail: S.Bignold@kingston.ac.uk)"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(00)00287-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1738.1999.00217.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(89)90079-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"Bignold S.M. 2001 The initiation and magmatic evolution of a juvenile island arc: the Kohistan arc Pakistan Himalaya . PhD thesis Kingston University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloomer S.H. Taylor B. MacLeod C.J. Stern R.J. Fryer P. Hawkins J.W. & Johnson L. 1995. Early arc volcanism and the ophiolite problem: a perspective from drilling in the western Pacific. In: Taylor B. & Natland J. (eds) Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Western Pacific . Geophysical Monographs American Geophysical Union 88 1\u201330.","DOI":"10.1029\/GM088p0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boynton W.V. 1984. Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies. In: Henderson P (ed.) Rare Earth Element Chemistry. . Elsevier Amsterdam 63\u2013114.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3121.1998.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.144.3.0377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Crawford A.J. Falloon T.J. & Green D.H. 1989. Classification petrogenesis and tectonic setting of boninites. In: Crawford A.J. (ed.) Boninites and Related Rocks . Unwin Hyman London 1\u201349."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01165295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George M.T. Harris N.B.W. & Butler R.W.H. 1993. The tectonic implications of contrasting granite-magmatism between the Kohistan island arc and the Nanga Parbat\u2013Haramosh Massif Pakistan Himalaya. In: Treloar P.J. & Searle M.P. (eds) Himalayan Tectonics . Geological Society London Special Publications 74 173\u2013191.","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309753a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan M.A. Jan Q.M. & Weaver B.L. 1993. Evolution of the lower arc crust in Kohistan N. 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