{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:41:30Z","timestamp":1773808890816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Horodyskia<\/jats:italic>\n            is one of the earliest known macroscopic life forms, with a fossil record dating from\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 1.4 Ga.\n            <jats:italic>Palaeopascichnus<\/jats:italic>\n            represents a key Ediacaran element with world-wide distribution. However, their body constructions and affinities are poorly understood, partly because previously described species are mostly preserved as casts and moulds in siliciclastic rocks. Silicified specimens from the upper Ediacaran Liuchapo Formation in eastern Guizhou, South China, are described as\n            <jats:italic>Horodyskia minor<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. nov. and\n            <jats:italic>Palaeopascichnus jiumenensis<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. nov. Their taxonomic assignments are based on their uniserial arrangement of spheroidal or discoidal units, which are connected by a filament and surrounded by a quartz halo. They are unlikely to be brown algae, animal traces, faecal pellets, colonial metazoans, or giant sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. Instead, we propose that\n            <jats:italic>Horodyskia<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Palaeopascichnus<\/jats:italic>\n            may be phylogenetically related, and their collective morphologies allow tentative comparison with agglutinated foraminifers: the segments can be compared with cytoplasm-filled chambers, connecting filament with small passage between chambers, and quartz haloes with agglutinated tests. However, their ontogeny appears to be distinct from that of modern foraminifers. The occurrences of\n            <jats:italic>Horodyskia<\/jats:italic>\n            fossils in Mesoproterozoic and Ediacaran rocks indicate an extremely long range (\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 900 Ma) and echoes the proposition of extended evolutionary stasis in the Proterozoic.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-76492007-074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,14]],"date-time":"2008-01-14T17:58:17Z","timestamp":1200333497000},"page":"367-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Silicified\n            <i>Horodyskia<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Palaeopascichnus<\/i>\n            from upper Ediacaran cherts in South China: tentative phylogenetic interpretation and implications for evolutionary stasis"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"LIN","family":"DONG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (e-mail: )"}]},{"given":"SHUHAI","family":"XIAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (e-mail: )"}]},{"given":"BING","family":"SHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (e-mail: )"}]},{"given":"CHUANMING","family":"ZHOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.152.1.0141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guizhou Province 1987. Regional Geology of Guizhou Province . Geological Publishing House Beijing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1995.tb01587.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0094-8373(2000)026<0386:BPNGNS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"11","volume":"1984","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chistyakov, B.G., Kalmykova, N.A., Nesov, L.A. & Suslov, G.A. 1984. On the presence of Vendian deposits in the Middle Course of the Onega River and the presumable existence of tunicates (Tunicata: Chordata) in the Precambrian [in Russian]. Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 1984, 11\u201319.","journal-title":"Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1107765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016756898008346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Ding L. Zhang L. Li Y. & Dong J. 1992. The Study of the Late Sinian\u2013Early Cambrian Biotas from the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Platform . Scientific and Technical Documents Publishing House Beijing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e00-036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Fedonkin M.A. 1985. Paleoichnology of Vendian Metazoa. In: Sokolov B.S. & Ivanovskiy A.B. (eds) The Vendian System 1: Historic\u2013Geological and Palaeontological Basis . Nauka Moscow 112\u2013116."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Fedonkin M.A. & Runnegar B.N. 1992. Proterozoic metazoan trace fossils. In: Schopf J.W. & Klein C. (eds) The Proterozoic Biosphere; a Multidisciplinary Study . Cambridge University Press Cambridge 389\u2013395."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810266.94.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"201","volume":"10","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fedonkin, M.A., Yochelson, E.L. & Horodyski, R.J. 1994. Ancient metazoa. National Geographic Research and Exploration, 10, 201\u2013223.","journal-title":"National Geographic Research and Exploration"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3515360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1969.tb01258.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9268(90)90018-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","first-page":"69","volume":"2000","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grey, K., Williams, R., Martin, D.M., Fedonkin, M.A. & Gehling, J.G. 2002. New occurrences of \u2018strings of beads\u2019 in the Bangemall Supergroup: a potential biostratigraphic marker horizon. Western Australia Geological Survey Annual Review, 2000, 69\u201373.","journal-title":"Western Australia Geological Survey Annual Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1985.30.5.1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-9268(99)00070-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","unstructured":"H\u00e4ntzschel W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Part W Miscellanea Supplement 1 Trace fossils and Problematica . Geological Society of America Boulder CO; University of Kansas Lawrence KS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","unstructured":"Hofmann H.J. 1992. Proterozoic and selected Cambrian megascopic carbonaceous films. In: Schopf J.W. & Klein C. (eds) The Proterozoic Biosphere a Multidisciplinary Study . Cambridge University Press Cambridge 957\u2013998."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002531540003856X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","first-page":"882","volume":"56","year":"1982","unstructured":"Horodyski, R.J., 1982. Problematic bedding-plane markings from the middle Proterozoic Appekunny argillite, Belt Supergroup, northwestern Montana. Journal of Paleontology, 56, 882\u2013889.","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9268(83)90083-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9268(94)00071-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.1.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Jensen S. Droser M.L. & Gehling J.G. 2006. A critical look at the Ediacaran trace fossil record. In: Xiao S. & Kaufman A.J. (eds) Neoproterozoic Geobiology and Paleobiology . Springer Dordrecht 116\u2013159."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loeblich A.R.  Jr. & Tappan H. 1988. Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification . Van Nostrand Reinhold New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-5760-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1400-0952.2004.01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","first-page":"1","volume":"2001","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin, D.M. & Thorne, A.M. 2001. New insights into the Bangemall Supergroup. Western Australia Geological Survey Record, 2001, 1\u20132.","journal-title":"Western Australia Geological Survey Record"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","first-page":"100","volume":"63","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mathur, V.K. & Srivastava, D.K. 2004. Record of tissue grade colonial eucaryote and microbial mat associated with Ediacaran fossils in Krol Group, Garhwal syncline, Lesser Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 63, 100\u2013102.","journal-title":"Journal of the Geological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002411601300068170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","first-page":"647","volume":"30","year":"1987","unstructured":"Narbonne, G.M. & Hofmann, H.J. 1987. Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada. Palaeontology, 30, 647\u2013676.","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e87-124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308602101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","unstructured":"Palij V.M. 1976. Remains of non-skeletal fauna and trace fossils from upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian deposits of Podolia. In: Ryabenko V.A. (ed.) Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic of the South-western Part of the East European Platform . Naukova Dumka Kiev 63\u201377."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","first-page":"273","volume":"10","year":"1965","unstructured":"Parker, B.C. & Dawson, E.Y. 1965. Non-calcareous marine algae from California Miocene deposits. Nova Hedwigia, 10, 273\u2013295.","journal-title":"Nova Hedwigia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0932-4739-00857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2035132100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2003)077<0409:VMFTNC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","first-page":"91","volume":"13","year":"1984","unstructured":"Qian, Y. & Yin, G. 1984. Small shelly fossils from the lowest Cambrian in Guizhou. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 13, 91\u2013124.","journal-title":"Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(98)00222-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.17.5809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savrda C.E. 2003. Zoophycos systematic stratigraphic leaking and lamella stratigraphy: do some spreiten contain a unique record of high-frequency depositional dynamics. In: Harries P.J. (ed.) High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology . Kluwer Dordrecht 129\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9053-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.6735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2517\/prpsj.7.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen Gupta B.K. 1999. Systematics of modern foraminifera. In: Sen Gupta B.K. (ed.) Kluwer Dordrecht 7\u201336Modern Foraminifera.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48104-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/06-016R.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2005)079[1214:APFTLC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","first-page":"7","volume":"12","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tendal, O.S., 1972. A monograph of the Xenophyophoria (Rhizopodea, Protozoa). Galathea Report, 12, 7\u201399.","journal-title":"Galathea Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","unstructured":"Urbanek A. & Rozanov A.Y. (eds) 1983. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Palaeontology of the East European Platform . Wydawnictwa Geologiczne Warsaw."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","unstructured":"Wang Y. Yin G. Zheng S. et al. 1984. The Upper Precambrian and Sinian\u2013Cambrian Boundary in Guizhou . The People's Publishing House of Guizhou Guiyang."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","first-page":"A232","volume":"30","year":"1998","unstructured":"Woods, K., Knoll, A.H. & German, T. 1998. Xanthophyte algae from the Mesoproterozoic\/Neoproterozoic transition: Confirmation and evolutionary implications. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 30, A232.","journal-title":"Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","first-page":"345","volume":"76","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xiao, S., Yuan, X., Steiner, M. & Knoll, A.H. 2002. Macroscopic carbonaceous compressions in a terminal Proterozoic shale: a systematic reassessment of the Miaohe biota, South China. Journal of Paleontology, 76, 345\u2013374.","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502176102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","first-page":"843","volume":"113","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yochelson, E.L. & Fedonkin, M.A. 2000. A new tissue-grade organism 1.5 billion years old from Montana. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113, 843\u2013847.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","first-page":"1","volume":"50","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Yin, L., Xiao, S. & Knoll, A.H. 1998. Permineralized fossils from the terminal Proterozoic Doushantuo Formation, South China. Paleontological Society, Memoirs, 50, 1\u201352.","journal-title":"Paleontological Society, Memoirs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","first-page":"2224","volume":"49","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Chen, M.E., Peng, J. , et al., 2004. Discovery of a Miaohe-type Biota from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49, 2224\u20132226.","journal-title":"Chinese Science Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Geological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T10:55:12Z","timestamp":1721732112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-074"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/jgs\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/0016-76492007-074","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/0016-76492007-074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-074","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-7649","2041-479X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-7649","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-479X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}