{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:19:59Z","timestamp":1789993199320,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]],"date-time":"2008-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207699200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Terrestrial laser scanning, or lidar, is a recent innovation in spatial information data acquisition, which allows geological outcrops to be digitally captured with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. With point precisions and spacing of the order of a few centimetres, an enhanced quantitative element can now be added to geological fieldwork and analysis, opening up new lines of investigation at a variety of scales in all areas of field-based geology. Integration with metric imagery allows 3D photorealistic models to be created for interpretation, visualization and education. However, gaining meaningful results from lidar scans requires more than simply acquiring raw point data. Surveys require planning and, typically, a large amount of post-processing time. The contribution of this paper is to provide a more detailed insight into the technology, data collection and utilization techniques than is currently available. The paper focuses on the workflow for using lidar data, from the choice of field area and survey planning, to acquiring and processing data and, finally, extracting geologically useful data. Because manufacturer specifications for point precision are often optimistic when applied to real-world outcrops, the error sources associated with lidar data, and the implications of them propagating through the processing chain, are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-76492007-100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]],"date-time":"2008-04-09T11:38:17Z","timestamp":1207741097000},"page":"625-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":340,"title":["Terrestrial laser scanning in geology: data acquisition, processing and accuracy considerations"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"SIMON J.","family":"BUCKLEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: )"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"HOWELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: )"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.D.","family":"ENGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: )"},{"name":"Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.H.","family":"KURZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: )"},{"name":"Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/06160505005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"211","volume":"50","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson, P.B. & Ryer, T.A. 2004. Regional stratigraphy of the Ferron Sandstone. In: Chidsey, T.C, Jr, Adams, E.W. & Morris, T.H. (eds) Regional to Wellbore Analog for Fluvial\u2013Deltaic Reservoir Modeling: The Ferron Sandstone of Utah. AAPG Studies in Geology, 50, 211\u2013224.","journal-title":"AAPG Studies in Geology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0031-868X.00182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2110\/jsr.2005.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0031-868X.2004.00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9837(199901)24:1<51::AID-ESP948>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00099.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(97)00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"30","volume":"36","year":"2005","unstructured":"Girardeau-Montant, D., Roux, M., Raph\u00e4el, M. & Guillaume, T. 2005. Change detection on points cloud data acquired with a ground laser scanner. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36, 30\u201335.","journal-title":"International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann-Wellenhof B. Lichtenegger H. & Collins J. 1997. Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice . 4th Springer Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-3297-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(98)00013-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00087.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9730.2006.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9730.2005.00315.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1354-079303-615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-764905-017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"McCullagh M.J. 1998. Quality use and visualisation in terrain modelling. In: Lane S.N. Richards K.S. & Chandler J.H. (eds) Landform Monitoring Modelling and Analysis . Wiley Chichester 95\u2013117."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1354-079303-617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3997\/1365-2397.2006005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3997\/1365-2397.25.1104.27337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Riegl 2007. 3D scanner selection guide. http:\/\/www.riegl.com\/terrestrial_scanners\/3d_scanner_selection_guide_\/ssg_all.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","first-page":"2323","volume":"65","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ryer, T.A., 1981. Deltaic coals of Ferron Sandstone member of Mancos Shale; predictive model for Cretaceous coal-bearing strata of Western Interior. AAPG Bulletin, 65, 2323\u20132340.","journal-title":"AAPG Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G23235A.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","unstructured":"Slob S. Hack R. & Turner K.A. 2002. An approach to automate discontinuity measurements of rock faces using laser scanning techniques. In: Dinis da Gama C. Ribeiro e Sousa L. (eds) ISRM International Symposium on Rock Engineering for Mountainous Regions\u2014Eurock 2002 Funchal .Portuguese Geotechnical Society Lisbon 87\u201394."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2005.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(99)00011-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"Wolf P.R. & Dewitt B.A. 2000. Elements of Photogrammetry (with Applications in GIS) . 3rd McGraw\u2013Hill New York."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Geological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T09:23:02Z","timestamp":1721726582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-100"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/jgs\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/0016-76492007-100","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/0016-76492007-100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/0016-76492007-100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-7649","2041-479X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-7649","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-479X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]]}}}