{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:00:40Z","timestamp":1776434440981,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006530","name":"Chubu Electric Power Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EGC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A capability to permanently seal fluid flow paths in bedrock, such as natural faults\/fractures, and damaged zones around boreholes\/excavations, is needed to ensure the long-term safety and effectiveness of many underground activities. Cementitious materials are commonly used as seals, but these materials unavoidably undergo physical and chemical degradation, therefore potentially decreasing seal durability. To solve these problems, a more durable sealing method using \u2018concretion-forming resin\u2019 has been developed by learning from natural calcite (CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) concretion formation. The sealing capability of resin was tested by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments on bedrock flow paths in an underground research laboratory (URL), Hokkaido, Japan. The results showed a rapid decrease in the permeability down to 0.1% of the initial permeability owing to calcite precipitation over a period of 1 year. During the experiment, inland earthquakes occurred with foci below the URL (depths of 2\u20137\u2005km and maximum magnitude of 5.4). As a result of the earthquakes, the hydraulic conductivities of the flow paths sealed initially by \u2018concretion-forming resin\u2019 increased. However, these flow paths subsequently resealed rapidly and within a few months recovered the same hydraulic conductivities as before the earthquakes. This new technique for rapidly producing long-lasting seals against fluid flow through rocks will be applicable to many kinds of underground activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/egc1-2023-35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T03:39:33Z","timestamp":1723001973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid and long-lasting bedrock flow-path sealing by a \u2018concretion-forming resin\u2019: results from\n                    <i>in situ<\/i>\n                    evaluation tests in an underground research laboratory, Horonobe, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3878-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Museum","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]},{"name":"Nagoya University","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Koshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Museum","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]},{"name":"Nagoya University","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Asahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Ippei","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]},{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Karukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University","place":["Chikusa-ku, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd","place":["Ritto, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency","place":["Horonobe, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency","place":["Horonobe, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Nagayoshi","family":"Katsuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Gifu University","place":["Gifu, Japan"]}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quintessa Ltd","place":["Henley-on-Thames, UK"]}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-018-1577-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aoyagi K. Tsusaka K. Kondo K. and Inagaki D. 2014. Quantitative assessment of an excavation damaged zone from variations in seismic velocity and fracture distribution around a gallery in the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory. Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics (EUROCK) 487\u2013492.","DOI":"10.1201\/b16955-82"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2473\/journalofmmij.133.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","volume-title":"Evolution of pH in a Radwaste Repository: Experimental Simulation of Cement Leaching","author":"Atkinson A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Atkinson, A., Everitt, N.M. and Guppy, R. 1987. Evolution of pH in a Radwaste Repository: Experimental Simulation of Cement Leaching. (AERE R 12594) United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1524\/ract.1988.4445.2.387"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bossart P. Nussbaum C. and Schuster K. 2020. Generation and self-sealing of the excavation-damaged zone (EDZ) around a subsurface excavation in a claystone. Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 245 125\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119066699.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","article-title":"Sealing of a deep horizontal borehole repository for nuclear waste","volume":"14","author":"Finsterle S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finsterle, S., Cooper, C., Muller, R., Grimsich, J. and Apps, J. 2021. Sealing of a deep horizontal borehole repository for nuclear waste. Energies, 14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en14010091","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","unstructured":"Hiraga M. and Ishii E. 2008. Mineral and chemical composition of rock core and surface gas composition in Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project (Phase 1). JAEA-Data\/Code 2007-022."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency 2011. Geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste. IAEA Safety Standard Series No. SSG-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018WR022556"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2022.105229"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JB008279"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(03)00021-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2020.105496"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","series-title":"OECD, Paris, NEA\/RWM\/R1","volume-title":"The Forum on Stakeholder Confidence Report on Dialogue in the Long-Term Management of Radioactive Waste","author":"Nuclear Energy Agency","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nuclear Energy Agency 2012. 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