{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:51:37Z","timestamp":1767649897682,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Spatial distribution of geochemical elements at hand-specimen and outcrop scale provides significant evidence for the processes of formation and alteration of rocks. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses is a non-destructive and cost-effective methodology to rapidly measure multi-elemental concentrations\n            <jats:italic>in-situ<\/jats:italic>\n            , and its application makes the study of the distribution of geochemical elements efficient. In this paper two pXRF instruments, the Tianrui EDX-P730S and the Niton XL3t 950, were employed for measuring geochemical data for two samples of Pb and Zn ore hand specimens and at outcrop scale in an area of skarn formation. The data are processed by GIS and principal component analysis (PCA) for interpreting element associations involved in mineralization processes. The first three principal components obtained by PCA for the data measured on the rock surface of the two hand specimens may represent early stage Zn-dominated mineralization, superimposed Zn and Pb mineralization and late stage Pb-dominated mineralization. These three zones of mineralization can be delineated by the scores of multiple elements on the first three principal components. The first four principal components obtained from the outcrop surface data were found to be related to the marble, diorite, and two stages of skarn-type mineralization (Cu and Zn mineralization and Pb, Zn and Fe mineralization).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2012-173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T04:47:27Z","timestamp":1391575647000},"page":"265-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Spatial patterns of geochemical elements measured on rock surfaces by portable X-ray fluorescence: application to hand specimens and rock outcrops"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhaoxian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Qiuming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering; Department of Geography, York University, Toronto, M3J1P3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Lingqing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Renguang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Deyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-006-3546-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-007-9106-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Geochemistry of Archean sulfidic black shale horizons: Combining data at multiple scales for improved targeting in VMS exploration","volume":"1","author":"Chapman J.B.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chapman J.B., Peter J.M., Layton-Matthews D., Gemmell J.B. 2009. Geochemistry of Archean sulfidic black shale horizons: Combining data at multiple scales for improved targeting in VMS exploration. Proceedings of the 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium, Fredericton, 1, 27\u201330.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium, Fredericton"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Metamorphic evolution of the Yuka eclogite in the North Qaidam, NW China: evidences from the compositional zonation if garnet and reaction texture in the rock","volume":"21","author":"Chen D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen D., Sun Y., Liu L., Zhang A., Luo J., Wang Y. 2005. Metamorphic evolution of the Yuka eclogite in the North Qaidam, NW China: evidences from the compositional zonation if garnet and reaction texture in the rock. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21, 1039\u20131048. (In Chinese with English abstract.)","journal-title":"Acta Petrologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"Cheng Q. 2000. GeoDAS Phase I: User\u2019s Guide & Exercise Manual . Unpublished notes York University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"1110","article-title":"The theories and methods for mineral resource integrated prediction in covered areas","volume":"37","author":"Cheng Q.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheng Q. 2012a. The theories and methods for mineral resource integrated prediction in covered areas. Earth Science, 37, 1110\u20131125. (In Chinese with English abstract.)","journal-title":"Earth Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IAMG 2013, Mathematics of Planets","author":"Cheng Q.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng Q. 2013. Modeling trace element concentration in vertical regolith profile over mineral deposits. In: , Pardo-Ig\u00fazquiza E., Guardiola-Albert C., Heredia J., Moreno-Merino L., Dur\u00e1n J.J., Vargas-Guzm\u00e1n J.A. (eds) Proceedings of IAMG 2013, Mathematics of Planets. Springer, Heidelberg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Q. In press. Vertical distribution of elements in regolith over mineral deposits and implications for mapping geochemical weak anomalies in covered areas. Geochemistry: Exploration Environment and Analysis http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1144\/geochem2012-174","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2012-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1314.2003.00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-008-4470-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-010-5641-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-007-4221-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Geological characteristics and ore indicators of Baiyinnuo lead-zinc deposit in Inner Mongolia","volume":"28","author":"Hao L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hao L. 1992. Geological characteristics and ore indicators of Baiyinnuo lead-zinc deposit in Inner Mongolia. Geology and Prospecting, 28, 7\u201310. 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US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Poisoning Prevention. Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2997-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Application of portable XRF technology to identification of mineralization and alteration along drill in the Nihe iron deposit, Anhui, East China","volume":"36","author":"Xia Q.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xia Q., Cheng Q., Lu J., et al. 2011. Application of portable XRF technology to identification of mineralization and alteration along drill in the Nihe iron deposit, Anhui, East China. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 336\u2013340. (In Chinese with English abstract.)","journal-title":"Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Mineralization zoning and ore fluid direction of Baiyinnuo lead-zinc deposit","volume":"11","author":"Zhang D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zhang D., Luo T. 1992. Mineralization zoning and ore fluid direction of Baiyinnuo lead-zinc deposit. Mineral Deposits, 11, 203\u2013212. 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