{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:53:07Z","timestamp":1760122387356},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Appalachian coal industry has been successful in developing technologies to identify, handle, treat and isolate potentially acid-forming overburden materials at coal mines in the region. Modern coal mining permits have stringent guidelines for reclamation and water discharge limits. Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a new water quality parameter that has been linked to a decrease in survival of aquatic macro-invertebrates in receiving streams. Past techniques to predict acid mine drainage potential to decrease impacts to streams may not accurately predict the release of TDS. The objective of this work was to develop a TDS release index from overburden material that could be used to predict and screen overburden materials that contribute to high TDS concentrations. Forty-one overburden samples containing a range of sandstones and shales were collected from surface mines in West Virginia, Virginia, and Kentucky. Samples were ground to &lt;2\u2009mm particle size and weathered in dilute HNO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            to determine TDS released. Supernatants were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and other selected ions. Results were compared to Acid-Base Accounting parameters for each sample; i.e. paste pH, maximum potential acidity (MPA), neutralization potential (NP), and net neutralization potential (NNP). Results showed that MPA (sulphur content) had the strongest relationship to TDS release, and low, moderate, and high TDS release indices were developed based on MPA values. Samples with MPA values of 0.0\u20131.0\u2009g\u2009kg\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            gave &lt;150\u2009mg\u2009l\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            TDS, 1.0\u20133.0\u2009g\u2009kg\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            gave &lt;300\u2009mg\u2009l\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            , whereas 3.0+\u2009g\u2009kg\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            produced TDS values &gt;500\u2009mg\u2009l\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            . NPP was also a predictor for TDS, with an NPP \u2265-2.0\u2009g\u2009kg\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            likely to produce &lt;300\u2009mg\u2009l\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            of TDS and NPP &lt;-2.0\u2009g\u2009kg\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            likely to produce TDS concentrations &gt;300\u2009mg\u2009l\n            <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2014-276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T05:04:59Z","timestamp":1415423099000},"page":"131-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predicting release of total dissolved solids from overburden material using acid-base accounting parameters"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Odenheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"919 Florida Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15228 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Skousen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Vesper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mannix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.L.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"Apha (American Public Health Association)","year":"1992","unstructured":"Apha (American Public Health Association). 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.","edition":"18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es301144q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Toxicity of total dissolved solids associated with two mine effluents to chironomid larvae and early life stages of rainbow trout","volume":"19","author":"Chapman P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chapman P., Bailey H.B., Canaria E. 2000. Toxicity of total dissolved solids associated with two mine effluents to chironomid larvae and early life stages of rainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19, 210\u2013214.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Environmental Soil and Water Chemistry","author":"Evangelou V.P.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Evangelou V.P. 1998. Environmental Soil and Water Chemistry. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings, Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration","author":"Odenheimer J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Odenheimer J., Skousen J., McDonald L.M. 2012. Predicting total dissolved solids release from overburden in Appalachian coal fields. In: , Craynon J.R. (ed) Proceedings, Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Denver, CO, February 24\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation","author":"Perry E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Perry E. 1985. Overburden analysis: An evaluation of methods. In: , Graves D. 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A review of procedures for surface mining and reclamation in areas with acid-producing materials. WVU Energy and Water Research Center. Publication EWRC 871. Morgantown, WV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"The development of the acid-base account","volume":"20","author":"Skousen J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Skousen J., Smith R.M., Sencindiver J. 1990. The development of the acid-base account. Green Lands, 20, 32\u201337.","journal-title":"Green Lands"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1997.00472425002600030012x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands","author":"Skousen J.G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skousen J.G., Sexstone A., Ziemkiewicz P.F. 2000. Acid mine drainage control and treatment. .In: , Barnhisel R.I., et al. . (eds) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. Agronomy Monograph 41. 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Agronomy Monograph, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI, 41, 77\u2013104."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timpano A. Schoenholtz S. Zipper C. Soucek D. 2010. Isolating effects of total dissolved solids on aquatic life in central Appalachian coalfield streams. In : Barnhisel R.I.\n (ed.) Proc. 2010 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation Pittsburgh PA June 5\u201311 2010. ASMR Lexington KY 1284\u20131302. http:\/\/www.asmr.us","DOI":"10.21000\/JASMR10011284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","unstructured":"U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2012. Coal explained: Where our coal comes from . http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energyexplained\/index.cfm?page=coal_where (accessed 12 February 2013; verified 16 August 2013.) Department of Energy Washington DC."}],"container-title":["Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/geochem2014-276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T05:47:26Z","timestamp":1721800046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/geochem2014-276"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/geea\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/geochem2014-276","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/geochem2014-276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/geochem2014-276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7873","2041-4943"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1467-7873"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2041-4943"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]}}}