{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:09:07Z","timestamp":1774624147049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IH130200004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IH130200004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past decade, significant research efforts have been devoted to mineral chemistry studies to assist porphyry exploration. These activities can be divided into two major fields of research: (1) porphyry indicator minerals (PIMs), which are used to identify the presence of, or potential for, porphyry-style mineralization based on the chemistry of magmatic minerals such as zircon, plagioclase and apatite, or resistate hydrothermal minerals such as magnetite; and (2) porphyry vectoring and fertility tools (PVFTs), which use the chemical compositions of hydrothermal minerals such as epidote, chlorite and alunite to predict the likely direction and distance to mineralized centres, and the potential metal endowment of a mineral district. This new generation of exploration tools has been enabled by advances in and increased access to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), short-wave length infrared (SWIR), visible near-infrared (VNIR) and hyperspectral technologies. PIMs and PVFTs show considerable promise for exploration and are starting to be applied to the diversity of environments that host porphyry and epithermal deposits globally. Industry has consistently supported development of these tools, and in the case of PVFTs encouraged by several successful blind tests where deposit centres have successfully been predicted from distal propylitic settings. Industry adoption is steadily increasing but is restrained by a lack of the necessary analytical equipment and expertise in commercial laboratories, and also by the ongoing reliance on well-established geochemical exploration techniques (e.g. sediment, soil and rock chip sampling) that have aided the discovery of near-surface resources over many decades, but are now proving less effective in the search for deeply buried mineral resources and for those concealed under cover.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p content-type=\"thematic-collection\">\n            <jats:bold>Thematic collection:<\/jats:bold>\n            This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at:\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/exploration-17\">https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/exploration-17<\/jats:ext-link>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2019-039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T14:36:10Z","timestamp":1578407770000},"page":"176-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Recent advances in the application of mineral chemistry to exploration for porphyry copper\u2013gold\u2013molybdenum deposits: detecting the geochemical fingerprints and footprints of hypogene mineralization and alteration"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio Tinto Exploration, Research Avenue, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pete","family":"Hollings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geology Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8050-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Zhaoshan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LODE, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Noel C.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"Ore Deposit and Exploration Centre (ODEC), School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China"}]},{"given":"Lejun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"},{"name":"CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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