{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:19:55Z","timestamp":1787314795482,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) is Australia's first national-scale geochemical survey. It was delivered to the public on 30 June 2011, after almost five years of stakeholder engagement, strategic planning, sample collection, preparation and analysis, quality assurance\/quality control, and preliminary data analytics. The project was comprehensively documented in seven initial open-file reports and six data and map sets, followed over the next decade by more than 70 well-cited scientific publications. This review compiles the body of work and knowledge that emanated from the project to-date as an indication of the impact the NGSA had over the decade 2011\u201321. The geochemical fabric of Australia as never seen before has been revealed by the NGSA. This has spurred further research and stimulated the mineral exploration industry. This paper also critically looks at operational decisions taken at project time (2007\u201311) that were good and perhaps \u2013 with the benefit of hindsight \u2013 not so good, with the intention of providing experiential advice for any future large-scale geochemical survey of Australia or elsewhere. We conclude that the NGSA was a low-cost, high-benefit project that delivered scientific excellence, promoted stakeholder engagement, demonstrated national leadership, and contributed to enhanced national resource wealth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"thematic-collection\">\n                    <jats:bold>Thematic collection:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This article is part of the Continental-scale geochemical mapping collection available at:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/topic\/collections\/continental-scale-geochemical-mapping\">https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/topic\/collections\/continental-scale-geochemical-mapping<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2022-032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T07:03:02Z","timestamp":1669100582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: review and impact"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4185-9124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrice de","family":"Caritat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Impact and Value of Pre-Competitive Geoscience","author":"ACIL Allen Consulting","year":"2020","unstructured":"ACIL Allen Consulting 2020. The Impact and Value of Pre-Competitive Geoscience. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/145195"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","unstructured":"Baldwin B. 2007. Zeroing in on Australia's onshore energy and minerals Department of Industry Tourism and Resources Media Release 2 March 2007 http:\/\/parlinfo.aph.gov.au\/parlInfo\/download\/media\/pressrel\/GYKM6\/upload_binary\/gykm63.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22Zeroing%20in%22"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Exploring for the Future, Extended Abstracts","author":"Bastrakov E.N.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bastrakov, E.N. and Main, P.T. 2020. Northern Australia Geochemical Survey: a review of regional soil geochemical patterns. In: Czarnota, K., Roach, I., Abbott, S., Haynes, M., Kositcin, N., Ray, A. and Slatter, E. (eds) Exploring for the Future, Extended Abstracts. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 1\u20134, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/134367"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastrakov E.N. Main P.T. Wygralak A.S. Wilford J. Czarnota K. and Khan M. 2018. Northern Australia Geochemical Survey Data Release 1\u2013Total (Fine Fraction) and MMI\u2122 Element Contents. Geoscience Australia Record 2018\/006 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2018.006","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2018.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2113-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2014.0278"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Climate and geochemistry as drivers of eucalypt diversification in Australia","volume":"2017","author":"Bui E.N.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bui, E.N., Thornhill, A.H., Gonz\u00e1lez-Orozco, C.E., Knerr, N. and Miller, J.T. 2017. Climate and geochemistry as drivers of eucalypt diversification in Australia. Geobiology, 2017, 1\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gbi.12235","journal-title":"Geobiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de 2008a. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia. MINFO (The mining and exploration magazine of New South Wales Departments of Primary Industries) 87 (May 2008) 25."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de 2008b. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: overview and progress. Australian Earth Sciences Convention 2008 20\u201324 July 2008 Perth Western Australia. Program & Abstract Booklet Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 89 79\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de 2008c. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia \u2013 aims and strategy. PACRIM Congress 2008 24\u201326 November 2008 Gold Coast Queensland. The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series 11\/2008 Extended Abstracts 161\u2013168."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de 2009. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: rationale strategy and progress. Global Geochemical Mapping Symposium 9\u201312 October 2009 Langfang Hebei China. Abstract Volume 15\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de 2011a. New national geochemical atlas opens up fresh avenues for mineral exploration and natural resource management. The Australian Geologist September 2011 32\u201333."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Continental geochemical survey opens up fresh avenues for mineral exploration and natural resource management in Australia","volume":"153","author":"Caritat P.de","year":"2011","unstructured":"Caritat, P.de 2011b. Continental geochemical survey opens up fresh avenues for mineral exploration and natural resource management in Australia. Explore (Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists), 153, 16\u201319.","journal-title":"Explore (Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2010a. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: why how\u2009\u200aand when? Australian Earth Sciences Convention 4\u20138 July 2010 Canberra ACT. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 98 138\u2013139."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_1","volume-title":"Preliminary Soil pH Map of Australia","author":"Caritat P.de","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caritat, P.de and Cooper, M. 2010b. Preliminary Soil pH Map of Australia. 4 Maps + Dataset, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/70105"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011a. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Data Quality Assessment. Geoscience Australia Record 2009\/21 http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/metadata-gateway\/metadata\/record\/gcat_71971"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011b. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: The Geochemical Atlas of Australia. Geoscience Australia Record 2009\/20 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2011.020","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2011.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011c. The distribution of uranium thorium and potassium in floodplain sediments in Australia: preliminary results of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. AusIMM International Uranium Conference 2011 8\u20139 June 2011 Perth Western Australia. The Minerals Institute Program\/Abstracts Volume 13\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011d. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: a new quasi-continental geochemical atlas and dataset to support mineral exploration and environmental applications. 25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 22\u201326 August 2011 Rovaniemi Finland. Programme & Abstracts 101."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011e. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: The Geochemical Atlas of Australia: Dataset. Geoscience Australia dataset https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2011.020","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2011.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2012. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Particle Size Dataset. Geoscience Australia dataset http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/74284"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2014-322"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Lambert I. 2008. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: outline and update. 33rd International Geological Congress 6\u201314 August 2008 Oslo Norway. Abstract Volume."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Lech M.E. 2007. Thomson Region Geochemical Survey Northwestern New South Wales. Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration Open File Report 145. + CD-ROM http:\/\/crcleme.org.au\/Pubs\/OFRSindex.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2018-021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Rate A.W. 2017. Detecting anomalous metal concentrations in the regolith using cross\u2013compositional detrending. Goldschmidt Conference 2017 13\u201318 August 2017 Paris France. Proceedings Volume."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caritat P.de and Troitzsch U. 2021. Towards a Regolith Mineralogy Map of the Australian Continent: A Feasibility Study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian Region. Geoscience Australia Record 2021\/35 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2021.035","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2021.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Lech M. Jaireth S. Pyke J. and Lambert I. 2005. Riverina geochemical survey\u2013A National First. AusGeo News 78 http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/ausgeonews\/ausgeonews200506\/geochem.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Lech M.E. Jaireth S. Pyke J. and Fisher A. 2007a. Riverina Region Geochemical Survey Southern New South Wales and Northern Victoria. Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration Open File Report 234. + CD-ROM http:\/\/crcleme.org.au\/Pubs\/OFRSindex.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Lech M.E. and McPherson A. 2007b. Low-density geochemical mapping in Australia: pilot projects and outline of a continental-scale geochemical survey. Special Supplement: Abstracts of the 17th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference 19\u201324 August 2007 Cologne Germany. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 A209."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Lech M.E. and McPherson A. 2007c. National geochemical survey of Australia: outline of a new initiative. 23rd International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 14\u201319 June 2007 Oviedo Spain. Program & Abstracts 45."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Lech M.E. and Kernich A. 2008a. Gawler Region Geochemical Survey South Australia. Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration Open File Report 211. + CD-ROM http:\/\/crcleme.org.au\/Pubs\/OFRSindex.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/08-178"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"New national geoscience datasets in Australia: geology, geophysics and geochemistry","volume":"141","author":"Caritat P.de","year":"2008","unstructured":"Caritat, P.de, Minty, B. and Raymond, O. 2008c. New national geoscience datasets in Australia: geology, geophysics and geochemistry. Explore (Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists), 141, 1\u20132, 4\u20138, 10\u201311.","journal-title":"Explore (Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. Lech M. McPherson A. and Thun C. 2009a. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Sample Preparation Manual. Geoscience Australia Record 2009\/08 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/68657"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. and Lambert I. 2009b. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: background and progress. The Geological Society of America 2009 Annual Meeting & Exposition 18\u201321 October 2009 Portland Oregon USA. Abstracts with Programs 682."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. and Morris P. 2009c. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: 2009 update on progress. 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 1\u20134 June 2009 Fredericton New Brunswick Canada. Proceedings Volume 2 915\u2013918."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. Pappas W. Thun C. and\u2009\u200aWebber E. 2010a. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Analytical Methods Manual. Geoscience Australia Record 2010\/15 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/70369"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. et al. 2010b. Preliminary soil pH map of Australia. AusGeo News 97 (March 2010) http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/ausgeonews\/ausgeonews201003\/soil.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. Jaireth S. and Bastrakov E.N. 2011a. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Preliminary Implications for Energy and Mineral Exploration. Geoscience Australia Record 2011\/029 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/72581"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. Mann A. and Prince P. 2011b. Lithological signatures and exploration implications from overbank sediment sampling and MMI Analysis: preliminary findings from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. 25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 22\u201326 August 2011 Rovaniemi Finland. Programme & Abstracts 159."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Cooper M. Wilford J. Bastrakov E. and Jaireth S. 2011c. The geochemical atlas of Australia: a new quasi-continental dataset to aid exploration. Association of Mining and Exploration Companies (AMEC) Convention 2011 28\u201330 June 2011 Perth Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR10121"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2011.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08120099.2017.1259184"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caritat P.de McInnes B.I.A. and Rowins S.M. 2020. Towards a Heavy Mineral Map of the Australian Continent: A Feasibility Study. Geoscience Australia Record 2020\/031 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2020.031","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2020.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_1","unstructured":"Caritat P.de Dosseto A. and Dux F. 2021. Mapping the strontium isotope distribution in northern Australia. Goldschmidt 2021 Conference 4\u20139 July 2021 Lyon France. Abstract 6636."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/min12080961"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-14-4271-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12305"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_1","unstructured":"Chen B. 2021. Growth of the Preserved Continental Crust - Integrated U-Pb O and Hf Isotopic Systematics of Detrital Zircons from Australia and Antarctica. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Australian National University."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_1","unstructured":"Cook M.L. 2020. An Investigation into the Occurrence and Migration of 239 240Pu in the Australian Environment. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Monash University."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2020.106398"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_1","unstructured":"Cooper M. and Caritat P.de 2009a. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: a different way of thinking. First World Young Earth Scientists Congress 2009 25\u201328 October 2009 Beijing China. Abstracts. Earth Science Frontiers 16 151."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_1","unstructured":"Cooper M. and Caritat P.de 2009b. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia: sampling progress and preliminary findings. 7th International Conference on Geomorphology (ANZIAG) 6\u201311 July 2009 Melbourne VIC. Conference Abstracts (CD only)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_1","unstructured":"Cooper M. and Caritat P.de 2010. Will my hydrangeas be pink or blue? Field pH and soil colour results from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. Australian Earth Sciences Convention 4\u20138 July 2010 Canberra ACT. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 98 376\u2013377."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper M. Caritat P.de et al. 2010. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Field Data. Geoscience Australia Record 2010\/18 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/70478","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2011.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/08-172"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2016-012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23702"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_1","unstructured":"Desem C.U. 2021. Exploring the Source Attribution of Environmental Pb - Development of a Continental-Scale Pb-isotope Regolith Map of Australia. PhD Doctor of Philosophy Thesis University of Melbourne."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11636\/134130"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desem C.U. Maas R. Woodhead J. Carr G. and Caritat P.de 2021. A Pb isotope regolith map of the Australian continent. Australasian Earth Sciences Convention 9\u201312 February 2021 Hobart Tas. Abstracts.","DOI":"10.11636\/134130"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(95)00032-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dulfer H. Skirrow R.G. Champion D.C. Highet L.M. Czarnota K. Coghlan R. and Milligan P.R. 2016. Potential for Intrusion-Hosted Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Deposits in Australia: A Continental-Scale Analysis of Mineral System Prospectivity. Geoscience Australia Record 2016\/01 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2016.001","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2016.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_1","unstructured":"Ewers G.R. Evans N. and Hazell M. 2002. OZMIN Mineral Deposits Database. Geoscience Australia dataset. Kilgour B. (compiler) https:\/\/data.gov.au\/data\/dataset\/8e8457e0-a66f-44ad-90b7-ffe795cbc94e"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00741"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_74_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"National Geochemical Survey of Australia-Data release","volume":"61","author":"Fidler R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fidler, R. 2011. National Geochemical Survey of Australia-Data release. MESA Journal (Government of South Australia), 61, 18.","journal-title":"MESA Journal (Government of South Australia)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_75_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Aeolian influences in National Geochemical Survey of Australia results from northeastern SA","volume":"74","author":"Fidler R.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fidler, R. and Reid, A.J. 2014. Aeolian influences in National Geochemical Survey of Australia results from northeastern SA. MESA Journal (Government of South Australia), 74, 23\u201330.","journal-title":"MESA Journal (Government of South Australia)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flitcroft P.A. and Caritat P.de 2011. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Preliminary NSW Results. Geological Survey of New South Wales Report GS2011\/0801.","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2011.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41920-6_39"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_78_1","unstructured":"Furman O. Caritat P.de et al. 2016. Mercury distribution in Australian catchment outlet sediments at the continental scale. Goldschmidt Conference 2016 26 June\u20131 July 2016 Yokohama Japan. Poster."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/08-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.71.5.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR15191"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2019-031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2017.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-6742(98)00052-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR15171"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_86_1","unstructured":"Hill S.M. McQueen K.G. and Foster K.A. 1999. Regolith carbonate accumulations in western and central NSW: characteristics and potential use as an exploration sampling medium. In: Taylor G. and Pain C. (eds) New Approaches to an Old Continent Regolith'98 Proceedings. Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration (CRC LEME) Perth Western Australia Australia 191\u2013208."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-017-9684-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.103028"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_89_1","unstructured":"Jaireth S. Caritat P.de Cooper M. and Wygralak A. 2011. Preliminary results of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia in the Pine Creek region Northern Territory: implications for the prospectivity of uranium mineral systems. AusIMM International Uranium Conference 2011 8\u20139 June 2011 Perth Western Australia. The Minerals Institute Program\/Abstracts Volume 33\u201334."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_90_1","volume-title":"Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Calcrete-Hosted Uranium Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000","author":"Jaireth S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaireth, S., Bastrakov, E.N. et al. 2013a. Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Calcrete-Hosted Uranium Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/75876"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_91_1","volume-title":"Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Potash Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000","author":"Jaireth S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaireth, S., Bastrakov, E.N. et al. 2013b. Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Potash Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/75875"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_92_1","volume-title":"Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Boron Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000","author":"Jaireth S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaireth, S., Bastrakov, E.N. et al. 2013c. Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Boron Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/75877"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_93_1","volume-title":"Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Lithium Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000","author":"Jaireth S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaireth, S., Bastrakov, E.N. et al. 2013d. Map of Salt Lake Systems Prospective for Lithium Deposits. Scale 1:5 000 000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/75878"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_94_1","unstructured":"Johnson J. 2006. Onshore Energy Security Program underway. AusGeo News 84 http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/ausgeonews\/ausgeonews200612\/onshore.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08120099.2017.1380701"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_99_1","unstructured":"Lau I.C. Laukamp C. et al. 2018a. Spectral Reflectance Measurement Procedures for Soil and Powder Samples. CSIRO Australia Report EP18382 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25919\/5b91793946c52"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_100_1","unstructured":"Lau I.C. Laukamp C. et al. 2018b. Spectral Data QC Procedures. CSIRO Australia Report EP18386 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4225\/08\/5a7355abaea04"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_101_1","unstructured":"Lech M. and Caritat P.de 2007. Regional geochemical study paves way for national survey\u2013geochemistry of near-surface regolith points to new resources. AusGeo News 86 http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/ausgeonews\/ausgeonews200706\/geochemical.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_102_1","unstructured":"Lech M.E. and Caritat P.de 2008. Recent results from a geochemical survey in the New South Wales part of the Thomson Orogen in Australia: implications for mineral exploration. 33rd International Geological Congress 6\u201314 August 2008 Oslo Norway. Abstract Volume."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_103_1","unstructured":"Lech M.E. Caritat P.de and McPherson A.A. 2007. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Field Manual. Geoscience Australia Record 2007\/08 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/65234"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(79)90063-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main P.T. and Caritat P.de 2016. Geochemical Survey of the Southern Thomson Orogen Southwestern Queensland and Northwestern New South Wales: The chemical Composition of Surface and Near-Surface Catchment Outlet Sediments. Geoscience Australia Record 2016\/11 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2016.011","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2016.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main P.T. Bastrakov E.N. Wygralak A.S. and Khan M. 2019. Northern Australia Geochemical Survey: Data Release 2\u2013Total (Coarse Fraction) Aqua Regia (Coarse and Fine Fraction) and Fire Assay (Coarse and Fine Fraction) Element Contents. Geoscience Australia Record 2019\/002 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11636\/Record.2019.002","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2019.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR20284"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/03-045"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_110_1","unstructured":"Mann A. Caritat P.de and Greenfield J. 2009. Geochemistry of catchment outlet sediments: evaluation of Mobile Metal Ion\u2122 analyses from the Thomson region New South Wales Australia. 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 1\u20134 June 2009 Fredericton New Brunswick Canada. Proceedings Volume 2 759\u2013762."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_111_1","unstructured":"Mann A. Caritat P.de and Prince P. 2011. Inferring bio-availability of nutrients from overbank sediment sampling and MMI analysis: preliminary findings from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. 25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 22\u201326 August 2011 Rovaniemi Finland. Programme & Abstracts 99\u2013100."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2011-090"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08120099.2016.1130744"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2190-4715-24-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_116_1","unstructured":"McPherson A.A. Cooper M. Stein J.L. Hutchinson M.F. Lech M.E. and Caritat P.de 2011. Catchment Polygons National Geochemical Survey of Australia 2011. Geoscience Australia dataset http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/73085"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_117_1","unstructured":"Mernagh T.P. (ed.) Bastrakov E.N. et al. 2013. A Review of Australian Salt Lakes and Assessment of Their Potential for Strategic Resources. Geoscience Australia Record 2013\/39 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/76454"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08120099.2016.1149517"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EG09025"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minty B.R.S. Franklin R. Milligan P.R. Richardson L.M. and Wilford J. 2009b. Radiometric Map of Australia 1st edition 2009 (A0 map only). Geoscience Australia dataset http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/71349","DOI":"10.1071\/ASEG2009ab074"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_121_1","volume-title":"Geochemical Mapping of the Mount Egerton 1:250 000 Sheet","author":"Morris P.A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morris, P.A., Coker, J. and Faulkner, J.A. 1998. Geochemical Mapping of the Mount Egerton 1:250 000 Sheet. Department of Minerals and Energy, Geological Survey of Western Australia. Regolith Geochemistry Explanatory Notes, https:\/\/dmpbookshop.eruditetechnologies.com.au\/product\/geochemical-mapping-of-the-mount-egerton-1250-000-sheet.do"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mueller U. Lo J. Caritat P.de and Grunsky E. 2014. Structural analysis of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia data. Mathematics of Planet Earth. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences Madrid Spain. Lectures Notes in Earth System Sciences Madrid Spain. Springer 99\u2013102 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-32408-6_24","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32408-6_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_123_1","unstructured":"Pyke J. 2000. Minerals laboratory staff develops new ICP-MS preparation method. AGSO Research Newsletter December 2000 12\u201314 http:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/pdf\/Corp0026.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_124_1","unstructured":"Rate A. 2016. Continental-scale correlation of regolith trace elements with iron. TIGeR (The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin University) Conference 2016 26\u201328 September 2016 Perth WA. Abstracts Volume 55\u201356."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_125_1","unstructured":"Reichman S.M. and Sanchez-Palacios J.T. 2014. Using geochemical indices to establish background concentration ranges in Australian sediments. In: Patti A. Tang C. and Wong V. (eds) Soil Science Australia National Soil Science Conference 23\u201327 November 2014 Melbourne Australia. Proceedings."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2014-327"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13276-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcu248"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2014.990563"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_132_1","unstructured":"Scheib A.J. 2013. The National Geochemical Survey of Australia - Selected Interpretations for Western Australian Data. Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2013\/4 https:\/\/dmpbookshop.eruditetechnologies.com.au\/product\/the-national-geochemical-survey-of-australia-selected-interpretations-for-western-australian-data.do"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-6742(98)00007-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/08-171"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21715\/GB2358-2812.2018322115"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_137_1","unstructured":"SSSA (Soil Science Society of America) 2022. Glossary of Soil Science Terms https:\/\/www.soils.org\/publications\/soils-glossary"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-018-9423-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-021-09989-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_140_1","unstructured":"Tang J.E.H. and Brown D.D. 2011. Queensland Mineral Prospectivity Atlas National Geochemical Survey of Australia. Queensland Geological Record 2011\/08 https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2gazetf8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_141_1","unstructured":"Tang J.E.H. Brown D.D. and Purdy D. 2016. Cape York Catchment Geochemistry Assessment-Regional Mineralisation Potential. Geological Survey of Queensland Record 2016\/07 https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2hrkwtkt"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR19320"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JF001977"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JF001645"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2011.01372.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12569"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR14366"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker A.T. Bastrakov E. McInnes B.I.A. and Caritat P.de 2022. Application of network analysis in exploring continent-scale mineral datasets. Goldschmidt 2022 Conference 10\u201315 July 2022 Hawai'i USA. Abstract 10675.","DOI":"10.46427\/gold2022.10675"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_153_1","unstructured":"Webber E. Pappas W. Thun C. Caritat P.de and Cooper M. 2011. Analysing Australia: Analytical methodology used for the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. Australian X-ray Analytical Association (AXAA) 2011 Workshop Conference and Exhibition 6\u201311 February 2011 Sydney New South Wales. Program & Abstract Book."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilford J. Caritat P.de Minty B. and Cooper M. 2011. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Comparison of Geochemical and Airborne Radiometric Data. Geoscience Australia Record 2011\/39 http:\/\/pid.geoscience.gov.au\/dataset\/ga\/72965","DOI":"10.11636\/Record.2011.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_156_1","unstructured":"Wooldridge A. Cook W. Jenkins B. Muller R. Nicholson A. and Winkler M. 2012. Salinity Hazard Report for Catchment Action Plan Upgrade - Lachlan CMA. NSW Department of Primary Industries Sydney https:\/\/datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au\/dataset\/salinity-hazard-for-catchment-action-plan-cap-updates-lachlan-cma-area-august-20123f6a6\/resource\/aea691d8-504d-4d5a-9713-44ab32791753"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_157_1","unstructured":"Wygralak A.S. 2012a. National Geochemical Sampling of Australia: Interpretation of Selected Northern Territory Data. Annual Geoscience Exploration Seminar (AGES) 2012 Record of Abstracts. Northern Territory Geological Survey Record 2012-002 54\u201358 https:\/\/geoscience.nt.gov.au\/gemis\/ntgsjspui\/handle\/1\/81536"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_158_1","unstructured":"Wygralak A.S. 2012b. National Geochemical Survey of Australia: Interpretation of Selected Northern Territory Data. Northern Territory Geological Survey Record 2012-005 https:\/\/geoscience.nt.gov.au\/gemis\/ntgsjspui\/handle\/1\/82459"}],"container-title":["Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/geochem2022-032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T06:43:25Z","timestamp":1742539405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/geochem2022-032"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/geea\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/geochem2022-032","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/geochem2022-032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/geochem2022-032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7873","2041-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7873","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4943","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-29","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"geochem2022-032"}}