{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:55:54Z","timestamp":1772794554905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,24]],"date-time":"2027-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":388,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-2"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A biogeochemistry (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Picea mariana<\/jats:italic>\n                    bark) orientation case study consisting of three transects over two known gold zones was completed in the McFaulds Lake region (\u2018Ring of Fire') located in the far north of Ontario, Canada. The well-known proprietary weak\/selective Mobile Metal Ion (MMI\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) leach with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) finish was utilized, rather than a conventional technique such as acid digestion and ICP-MS on macerated bark tissue. This approach is based on the need to generate biogeochemical data that more accurately represent the labile phases of elements that may be released from hidden mineral deposits. Extensive peatlands characterize the study area, below which an \u223c8\u2005m thick sequence of till covers the underlying Archean bedrock that hosts the Triple J gold zones. The MMI\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    results include relevant patterns with respect to the gold zones, in particular for the metals In and Mo. Horizons of massive chromite of the Blackbird deposit also appear to be influencing tree bark biogeochemistry, in particular for Bi, U and rare earth elements. These biogeochemical signals are possible evidence for the presence of a metal accretion zone in the soil substrate, perhaps due to a redox column developed above the mineralized zones. Peat thickness appears to affect metals concentrations in bark tissue; I infer that mineral soil substrates provide more metal signal for uptake to the spruce trees compared to thicker peat areas, where significant portions of the root systems are within organic peat. Comparison to a nearby aqua-regia digest bark geochemistry dataset helps illustrate that landscape drainage and soil\/substrate moisture content present additional variables, which can have significant control on the uptake and translocation of some metals to the outer tissues of spruce trees. Using a weak or selective leach technique on black spruce outer bark may improve the signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional digestion methods by targeting any weakly bound labile phases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2025-023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:36:38Z","timestamp":1767008198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Black spruce (\n                    <i>Picea mariana<\/i>\n                    ) Mobile Metal Ion (MMI\n                    <sup>TM<\/sup>\n                    ) bark geochemistry case study over the Triple J gold zone, McFaulds Lake (\u2018Ring of Fire\u2019) area, Northern Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0222-227X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sediment, Soil and Water Geochemical Services, 1268 Martindale Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E4J5, Canada"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","unstructured":"Barnett P.J. Yeung K.H. and McCallum J.D. 2013a. Surficial geology of the Lansdowne House area northwest northern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.3696 scale 1:100\u2009000."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","unstructured":"Barnett P.J. Yeung K.H. and McCallum J.D. 2013b. Surficial geology of the Lansdowne House area northeast northern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.3697 scale 1:100\u2009000."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","unstructured":"Barnett P.J. Yeung K.H. and McCallum J.D. 2013c. Surficial geology of the Lansdowne House area southeast northern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.3710 scale 1:100\u2009000."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","unstructured":"Beh B. and Allan S. 2022. Black Creek Project James Bay Lowlands Ontario Biogeochemical Sampling Survey. Report prepared for Probe Metals Inc.; Thunder Bay Resident Geologists office BMA 527 861 NTS 043D assessment file 20000020138."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","unstructured":"Beh B. and LaFontaine D. 2021. Tamarack Project James Bay Lowlands Ontario Biogeochemical Spruce Bark Sampling Survey. Report prepared for Probe Metals Inc.; Thunder Bay Resident Geologists office BMA 528 861 NTS 043D assessment file 20000019932."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","unstructured":"Bissig T. Heberlein D.R. and Dunn C. 2013. Geochemical Techniques for Detection of Blind Porphyry Copper-Gold Mineralization Under Basalt Cover Woodjam Property South-Central British Columbia (NTS 093A\/03 \/06). Geoscience BC Report 2013-17."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/03-019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","unstructured":"Cook S.J. and Dunn C.E. 2007. Final Report on Results of the Cordilleran Geochemistry Project: A Comparative Assessment of Soil Geochemical Methods for Detecting Buried Mineral Deposits \u2013 3Ts Au-Ag Prospect Central British Columbia. Geoscience BC Report 2007-7."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-024-05630-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","unstructured":"Downey M. 2023. Area 1 Thunderbird Triple J and Webequie Shear Zone Properties 2022 Exploration Soil Peat & Biogeochemical Sampling Ring of Fire James Bay Lowlands. Report prepared for Ring of Fire Metals Pty. Ltd; Thunder Bay Resident Geologists office BMA 526 863 NTS 043D assessment file 20000021487 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","unstructured":"Downey M. and Proudfoot M. 2010. Report on a Diamond Drill Program on a Portion of the Blackbird and AT3 Properties Noront Resources Ltd. Thunder Bay Resident Geologists office BMA 526861 BMA 526862 and BMA 527861; NTS 43D\/09 assessment file 20000005642."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-2734(07)09001-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","unstructured":"Dunn C.E. 2007b. New perspectives on biogeochemical exploration. In: Milkereit B. (ed.) Proceedings of Exploration 07: Fifth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration 9\u201312 September 2007 Toronto Ontario Canada 249\u2013261."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","unstructured":"Dyer R.D. 2024. Peat geochemistry transects over the Triple-J gold zone McFaulds Lake (\u2018Ring of Fire\u2019) Area Northern Ontario Canada. International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 15 October 2024 Adelaide Australia Abstract and presentation."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","unstructured":"Fedikow M.A.F. 2000. An Enzyme Leach B-Horizon Soil Geochemical Profile Over the Pipestone Ti-V Deposit (South Disseminated and North Contact Zones) Pipestone Lake Manitoba (NTS 63I\/5 and 63I\/12). Manitoba Industry Trade and Mines Geological Services Open File Report OF99-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","unstructured":"Gale G.H. and Yavorskaya N. 2004. Investigation of Vegetation and Soil Geochemistry at the Poundmaker Au Deposit Bissett Manitoba (NTS 52M4). Report of Activities 2004 Manitoba Industry Economic Development and Mines Manitoba Geological Survey 236\u2013253."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","unstructured":"Gao C. and Crabtree D.C. 2016. Results of Regional Till and Modern Alluvium Sampling in the McFaulds Lake (\u2018Ring of Fire\u2019) Area Northern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6309."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_7_19_1.1","unstructured":"Golder Associates Ltd 2010. Technical Report and Resource Estimate. McFaulds Lake project James Bay Lowlands Report Number 10-1117-0001 (for Noront Resources Ltd by Golder Associates Ltd 23 April 2010"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_7_19_1.2","unstructured":"Technical Report under NI 43-101 filed 23 April 2010 with SEDAR\u00ae www.sedar.com.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","unstructured":"Gowans R.M. Spooner J. San Martin A.J. and Murahwi C. 2010. NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Mineral Resource Estimate for the Blackbird Chrome Deposits James Bay Lowlands Ontario Canada. Prepared for Noront Resources Ltd by Micon International Ltd 22 January 2010; NI 43-101 report."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","unstructured":"Hamilton S.M. 2007. Major advances in soil geochemical exploration methods for areas of thick glacial drift cover. In: Milkereit B. (ed.) Proceedings of Exploration 07: Fifth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration 9\u201312 September 2007 Toronto Ontario Canada 263\u2013280."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","unstructured":"Heberlein D.R. and Dunn C.E. 2011. Preliminary Results of a Vegetation Ah-Horizon Soil and Charcoal Geochemical Investigation at the Kwanika Central Zone North-Central British Columbia (NTS 093N\/19). Geoscience BC Summary of Activities 2010 Geoscience BC Report 2011-1 5\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2022.104886"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL110679"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metsaranta R.T. and Houl\u00e9 M.G. 2017. Precambrian Geology of the McFaulds Lake Area \u2018Ring of Fire\u2019 Region Ontario \u2013 Central Sheet. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P3805; Geological Survey of Canada Open File 8201 scale 1:100\u2009000 doi: 10.4095\/29971110.4095\/299711","DOI":"10.4095\/299711"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","unstructured":"Metsaranta R.T. and Houl\u00e9 M.G. 2020. Precambrian Geology of the McFaulds Lake \u2018Ring of Fire\u2019 Region Northern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6359."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f13091363"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","unstructured":"Murahwi C. San Martin A.J. Gowans R.M. and Spooner J. 2012. Technical Report on the Updated Mineral Resource Estimate for the Blackbird Chrome Deposits McFaulds Lake Property James Bay Lowlands Northern Ontario Canada. Prepared for Noront Resources Ltd by Micon International Ltd 4 May 4 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504929102"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","unstructured":"Sailerova E. 2001. Geochemical Flux in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Crowns and the Correlation with Root Water Uptake: Effects of Sample Site Drainage and Tree and Crown Morphology on Crown Twig and Outer Bark Metal Concentrations. Manitoba Industry Trade and Mines Geological Survey Open File Report OF2000-4."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/03-044"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-787302-040"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/07-133"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14903"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/remotesensing.0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","article-title":"Quaternary stratigraphy of the Severn and Winisk drainage basins, northern Ontario","volume":"442","author":"Thorleifson L.H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thorleifson, L.H., Wyatt, P.H. and Warman, T.A. 1993. Quaternary stratigraphy of the Severn and Winisk drainage basins, northern Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 442.","journal-title":"Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","unstructured":"van Geffen P.W.G. 2011. Geochemical Indicators of Buried Sulphide Mineralisation Under Sedimentary Cover Near Talbot Lake Manitoba. PhD thesis submitted to the Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen's University."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/11-RA-066"}],"container-title":["Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/geochem2025-023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:55:55Z","timestamp":1772787355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/geochem2025-023"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/geea\/article\/26\/1\/geochem2025-023\/723854\/black-spruce-picea-mariana-mobile-metal-ion-mmitm","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/geochem2025-023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/geochem2025-023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7873","2041-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7873","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4943","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-20","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"geochem2025-023"}}