{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:57:51Z","timestamp":1774281471752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Geoscience BC","award":["2014-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploratory data analysis (EDA) involves graphical and spatial interpretation of the distributions of individual elements, an assessment of correlation between two or more elements, and unsupervised multivariate analysis of compositional data. It is an essential step in data analysis. Its purpose is to gain an understanding of the processes influencing geochemical data. An understanding of raw data distributions allows for the selection of appropriate data transformations as a precursor to parametric or robust statistical analysis of the data. Log transforms are used to de-skew mainly trace element distributions, although it should be recognized that many datasets contain multiple populations. Data may be levelled to correct for those processes identified through EDA. Compositional data are subject to geochemical closure, which has the effect of creating false correlations, particularly where major elements vary due to fractionation, hydrothermal alteration or weathering. These effects are removed using the logs of element ratios. Correlation and regression analysis are used to infer geochemical processes from the data. The use of residuals following regression of a dependent variable against a controlling variable may be more informative than analysis of raw data. Statistical outliers, known as geochemical anomalies, can be identified in the data using well-established techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2025-037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T09:50:16Z","timestamp":1770371416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory data analysis of geochemical exploration data"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-0799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dennis","family":"Arne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemark Geosciences Pty Ltd","place":["Yackandandah, Australia"]}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepean, Ontario K2H 5W2, Canada"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00206819509465388"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4109-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","unstructured":"Arne D.C. and Bluemel E.B. 2011. Catchment Analysis and Interpretation of Stream-Sediment Data from QUEST South British Columbia. Geoscience BC Report 2011-5 https:\/\/www.geosciencebc.com\/projects\/2009-023\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","unstructured":"Arne D. and Brown O. 2015. Catchment Analysis Applied to the Interpretation of New Stream Sediment Data Northern Vancouver Island (NTS 102I and 92L). Geoscience BC Report 2015-4 https:\/\/www.geosciencebc.com\/projects\/2014-001\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70499\/LAST2508"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1983.10487840"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(92)90001-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(86)90011-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023818214614"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2021-050"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"A cry from the heart","volume":"66","author":"Garrett R.G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Garrett, R.G. 1989. A cry from the heart. Association of Applied Geochemists. EXPLORE, 66, 18\u201320.","journal-title":"Association of Applied Geochemists. EXPLORE"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70499\/WBIO3405"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem.1.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70499\/YKCX6512"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/09-210"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2020-054"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2019-031"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","volume-title":"Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration","author":"Hawkes H.E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hawkes, H.E. and Webb, J.S. 1962. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Harper and Row, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043245"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2009.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","unstructured":"Imdex Limited 2025. ioGAS version 8.1 https:\/\/www.imdex.com\/software\/iogas"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-016-9669-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987605"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1982.10487729"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","volume-title":"Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation","author":"Rollinson H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rollinson, H. 1993. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Using-Geochemical-Data-Evaluation-Presentation-Interpretation\/Rollinson\/p\/book\/9780582067011?srsltid=AfmBOooqlPu33KYNBNQ04PPDNFjojCUrxVTTsONw44X1K4lKAe839gYa"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2024.107425"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2024.107662"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Geological Fieldwork 1993, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources","author":"Sibbick S.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sibbick, S.J. 1994. Preliminary report on the application of catchment basin analysis to regional geochemical survey data, Northern Vancouver Island (NTS 92L\/03, 04, 05 and 06). In: Grant, B. and Newell, J.M. (eds) Geological Fieldwork 1993, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Paper 1994-1, British Columbia Geological Survey, 111\u2013117, https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/gov\/content\/industry\/mineral-exploration-mining\/british-columbia-geological-survey\/publications\/papers-1999-1980#P1994-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(74)90030-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2023-046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"NUGGET: PC software to calculate parameters for samples and elements affected by the nugget effect","volume":"7","author":"Stanley C.R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stanley, C.R. 1998. NUGGET: PC software to calculate parameters for samples and elements affected by the nugget effect. Exploration and Mining Geology, 7, 139\u2013147, https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/emg\/issue\/7\/1-2","journal-title":"Exploration and Mining Geology"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/05-078"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","volume-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","author":"Tukey J.W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tukey, J.W. 1977. Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"The use of the median and quartiles in estimating normal and anomalous values of a geochemical field","volume":"8","author":"Yufa B.Y.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Yufa, B.Y. and Gurvich, Yu.M. 1964. The use of the median and quartiles in estimating normal and anomalous values of a geochemical field. Geokhimiya, 8, 817\u2013824. English Translation: Geochemistry International, 4, 801\u2013807.","journal-title":"Geokhimiya"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.10.003"}],"container-title":["Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/geochem2025-037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:09:57Z","timestamp":1774278597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/geochem2025-037"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/geea\/article\/26\/2\/geochem2025-037\/725583\/exploratory-data-analysis-of-geochemical","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/geochem2025-037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/geochem2025-037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7873","2041-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7873","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4943","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-11","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"geochem2025-037"}}