{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:18:57Z","timestamp":1787941137501,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,7]],"date-time":"2027-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1807056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-2"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT28728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT28728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GEEA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We assessed the spatial extent and source signatures of metal contamination in the Sudbury region, Ontario, Canada, using three lichen species (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stereocaulon<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cladonia rangiferina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Evernia mesomorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), moss (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dicranum scoparium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), humus forms, mineral soils, and snowpack. Baseline concentrations were established for 23 elements across these 7 monitors. Of the biomonitors,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stereocaulon<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. generally shows the highest baseline concentrations for most metals,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. rangiferina<\/jats:italic>\n                    the lowest, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. mesomorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                    intermediate. In contrast, the moss\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. scoparium<\/jats:italic>\n                    has higher concentrations of nutrient elements (e.g. Ca, Mg, K) but comparatively low metal concentrations relative to the lichen species. Distances from the city to the baseline concentrations for As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb were compared across media types. Elemental concentrations in snow particulate matter (PM) returns to baseline within 9\u201315\u2005km of the city (with one exception at 30\u2005km for Ni), whereas soils remain elevated to 25\u201346\u2005km. Lichens exhibit a steep \u2018principal\u2019 contamination gradient like snow PM but remain elevated until 26\u201338\u2005km, roughly matching soil patterns and suggesting resuspended legacy contamination. The Bioaccumulation Scale was applied to lichens for cross-species comparison and determining environmentally relevant elements. The scale reduces cross-species variability but does not eliminate species-specific effects. Around the smelters, 13 of 32 elements exceed the environmentally relevant threshold (Bioaccumulation ratio &gt;3.4). This work provides updated baseline values and baseline distances for a region historically impacted by mining activity, and integrates multiple media to reveal relationships between modern and legacy contamination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geochem2025-054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:38:41Z","timestamp":1770745121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elemental baselines and deposition gradients in Sudbury, Canada: views from lichen, moss, snow, and soil"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2782-7480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Lakanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, 36 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"},{"name":"Testmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret Street, Garson, ON P3L 1E1, Canada"},{"name":"Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7208-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0914-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Halvorson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Testmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret Street, Garson, ON P3L 1E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4969-3449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Testmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret Street, Garson, ON P3L 1E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7508-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.M.","family":"Charbonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Testmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret Street, Garson, ON P3L 1E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1538-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Military College of Canada, 13 General Crerar Crescent, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2170-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. 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