{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:59:30Z","timestamp":1775869170440,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geoenergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Faults in some deep mudstones have poor hydraulic connectivity owing to high normal stress on the fault planes. Designing a method for modelling solute transport pathways in such faults\/fractures using available data is a critical issue vis-\u00e0-vis the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal. In this study, faults in deep siliceous mudstones with low swelling capacity are investigated using cross-hole hydraulic and tracer tests between two boreholes. The water pressures observed during the hydraulic test are reproduced via hydraulic simulations, assuming a one-dimensional (1D) flow channel with a length 8\u201380 times the linear distance (4.5\u2005m) between the two borehole test sections. This flow channel length indicates a tortuosity remarkably higher than that previously reported in discrete fracture network simulations and laboratory experiments using a single fracture (i.e. 1\u20135). Advection\u2013dispersion simulations using a pipe model with a tortuosity of 8\u201380 reproduces a time series of tracer concentrations observed during the tracer test. The radius of the pipe simulated in the tracer test was 7\u201339 times the flow channel radius estimated via the hydraulic test, which is in agreement with the ratio of 5\u201320 previously reported based on\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            tracer and hydraulic tests of faulted\/fractured rocks. The simulated longitudinal dispersivity is 1\/9\u20131\/20 of the estimated flow path lengths, in agreement with the laboratory and field tracer study values. These results indicate that transport pathways in faults with low hydraulic connectivity can be modelled using a highly tortuous 1D pipe flow path.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/geoenergy2023-047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T07:50:18Z","timestamp":1720079418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modelling transport pathways of faults with low hydraulic connectivity in mudstones with low swelling capacity"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-0358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Ohno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horonobe Underground Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency","place":["Horonobe-cho, Japan"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horonobe Underground Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency","place":["Horonobe-cho, Japan"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2623-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horonobe Underground Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency","place":["Horonobe-cho, Japan"]}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","unstructured":"Amano Y. 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