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In the vicinity of North Island, oceanic crust of the Pacific plate is subducted obliquely beneath continental crust of the Indian plate to form the Taupo-Hikurangi arc-trench system.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            The volcanic component of this system is the Taupo Volcanic Zone which comprises a young (&lt;50,000 yr) andesite-dacite arc, to the west of which is the Taupo-Rotorua Depression, a basin filled with approximately 2 km of low-density volcanics. Most of these volcanics are rhyolitic (total volume &gt; 10,000 km\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and have been erupted in the last 0.6 Ma from the Rotorua, Okataina, Maroa and Taupo Volcanic Centres. Approximately 2 km\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            of high-alumina basalt has also been erupted from the Depression.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            Normal faults are common in the Taupo-Rotorua Depression and some have been active in historic time when open fissures formed. No strike-slip movement has been recorded. This evidence, together with the presence of basalt dykes, suggests the area is an extensional ensialic marginal basin. A change in orientation of the faults, from 040\u00b0 at Taupo to 090\u00b0 at the N end of the Okataina Volcanic Centre, is considered to be a result of dextral strike-slip movement within the North Island Shear Belt superimposed on the extensional tectonics of the marginal basin. The resultant oblique extension would also account for the\n            <jats:italic>en \u00e9chelon<\/jats:italic>\n            basalt dykes in the 1886 Tarawera rift.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            Crustal thickness in the marginal basin is estimated to be 15 km compared to 30\u201335 km outside the basin. This may account for the high heat flow recorded (average may be up to 1575 mW m\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and for partial melting of the base of the crust to produce the voluminous rhyolitic volcanics. The high-alumina basalts are considered to be derived from the upper mantle. They form dykes in the crust which in places reach the surface to form a series of vents aligned parallel to the regional fault pattern. The basalts are considered to be intruded and extruded mainly as a response to the extensional tectonics.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/gsl.sp.1984.016.01.08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T18:05:33Z","timestamp":1209578733000},"page":"109-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Taupo-Rotorua Depression: an ensialic marginal basin of North Island, New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"J. W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Victoria University\rPrivate Bag, Wellington, New Zealand"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00288306.1977.10431592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Numerical modelling of tectonic flow behind island arcs","volume":"28","author":"Andrews D. 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