{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:10:02Z","timestamp":1757452202566},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Following a review of recent developments by social theorists, concerned with the policy and practice of natural hazard reduction it is argued that neither the so-called\n            <jats:bold>dominant<\/jats:bold>\n            nor the\n            <jats:bold>radical<\/jats:bold>\n            perspectives, are sufficient on their own to answer the questions now being addressed by applied volcanologists during the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. In order to make useful recommendations to policy-makers, which are both reliable assessments of eruption risk and at the same time sensitive to probable interactions of future eruptions with the physical environment of the study region and its peoples, a conflation of traditional hazard analysis and vulnerability analysis is required.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This view is tested by means of a case study of evacuation planning at Furnas Volcano in the A\u00e7ores. As well as supporting the argument from theory, this example leads to the proposition that research on evacuation planning and civil defence should proceed in an ordered sequence. First hazard analysis (i.e. hazard mapping) should be carried out in the traditional manner. Next possible interactions with the physical environment should be specified and a preliminary plan of evacuation routes drawn up. Before detailed recommendations about the logistics of evacuation are made, however, it is vital that such factors as the demographic, socio\/economic and cultural\/behavioural characteristics of the population at risk are fully considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/gsl.sp.1999.161.01.13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T18:36:18Z","timestamp":1209580578000},"page":"189-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Human adjustments and social vulnerability to volcanic hazards: the case of Furnas Volcano, S\u00e3o Miguel, A\u00e7ores"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"David K.","family":"Chester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Liverpool\rLiverpool L69 3BX, UK"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dibben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Luton\rLuton LU1 3JU, UK"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade dos A\u00e7ores\rPonta Delgada, S\u00e3o Miguel, A\u00e7ores, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Angus M.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Luton\rLuton LU1 3JU, UK"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Image Centre, University College, University of London\rLondon WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Image Centre, University College, University of London\rLondon WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge\rCambridge CB1 2ES, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Clima dos A\u00e7ores","volume":"2","author":"Agostinho A. 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