{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:40:08Z","timestamp":1777592408899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present a petrographic, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological study (U\u2013Pb\/Lu\u2013Hf) on granulite-facies paragneisses of the Mahamba Gneiss Complex in central Swaziland, eastern Kaapvaal Craton. Our data suggest that prograde metamorphism occurred at\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 3.07 Ga. Dating of detrital zircons of a metapelite in combination with geochronological and ambiguous structural relationships with granitoid gneisses suggests two possible scenarios: (1) the time of deposition of the sedimentary protoliths is prior to\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 3.58 Ga; (2)\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 3.58 Ga granitoid crust was the basement for the sedimentary protoliths. Furthermore, enrichment in Ni and Cr in the Mahamba metasediments may originate from erosion of a greenstone terrane similar in composition to the dominantly mafic and ultramafic lithologies of the Barberton Greenstone Belt or Dwalile supracrustal belt. Evidence for an older crustal basement is provided by the oldest detrital zircons, which yield ages up to\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 3.7 Ga. Because the metamorphic conditions of metapelitic rocks have no similarity to\n            <jats:italic>P\u2013T<\/jats:italic>\n            paths of modern subduction\u2013collision tectonic settings we conclude that the metamorphic history of the Mahamba Gneiss Complex cannot be explained by this model. We propose that deformation and metamorphism occurred through intracratonic contraction and a thermal event possibly related to Mpuluzi batholith emplacement.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Supplementary material:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Sample localities, mineral chemistry, analytical methods, and mineral equilibria modelling method are available at\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/SUP18786\">www.geolsoc.org.uk\/SUP18786<\/jats:ext-link>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2014-007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T04:35:54Z","timestamp":1415853354000},"page":"139-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Archaean granulite-facies paragneisses from central Swaziland: inferences on Palaeoarchaean crustal reworking and a complex metamorphic history"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Suhr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica del Ej\u00e9rcito, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, PO Box 171-5-231B, Sangolqu\u00ed-Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Geol\u00f3gico Minero Metal\u00fargico, Las Malvas E15-142 y De Los Perales, PBX (593) 2 2977-000, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Elis","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geologie und Mineralogie, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln, Z\u00fclpicher Str. 49b, 50674 K\u00f6ln, Germany"},{"name":"Steinmann-Institut, Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geologische Wissenschaften, AB Geochemie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Kr\u00f6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Beijing SHRIMP Centre, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2347-1","volume-title":"Migmatites","author":"Ashworth J.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ashworth J.R., McLellan E.L. 1985. 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