{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:25:49Z","timestamp":1773275149493,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["747877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["747877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The subsurface \u2018deep biosphere\u2019 represents one-tenth to one-third of Earth's total global present-day biomass. The rest is dominated by land plants, a relatively recent development in geological history. Before\n            <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic>\n            400\u2005Ma, a relatively low surface biomass with high productivity and fast turnover supplied carbon to a deep biosphere with high biomass but low productivity and slow turnover. Here, we argue that the deep biosphere outweighed the surface biosphere by about one order of magnitude for at least half of the history of life on Earth. This result offers a new perspective on the history of life on Earth with important implications for the search for life on other worlds.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2018-061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T15:55:56Z","timestamp":1528818956000},"page":"716-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The deep history of Earth's biomass"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"McMahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises: \u2018rooted\u2019 in the evolution of vascular land plants","volume":"5","author":"Algeo T.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Algeo, T.J., Berner, R.A., Maynard, J.B. & Scheckler, S.E. 1995. Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises: \u2018rooted\u2019 in the evolution of vascular land plants. GSA Today, 5, 45\u201366.","journal-title":"GSA Today"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300000336"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","article-title":"The biomass distribution on Earth","author":"Bar-On Y.M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bar-On, Y.M., Phillips, R. & Milo, R. 2018. The biomass distribution on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, online view, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1711842115","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, online view"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-4-44"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2002)030<0491:TLLOLA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207491109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.11536492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-5-227-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/B30722.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415312a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-9268(00)00097-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2010.00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(88)90269-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-042711-105500"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-003-2008-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2000)015<0177:MRUSIS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095964"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE900010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2008.00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00000423"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2590"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GC002968"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.5.1816-1821.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2939"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Global-scale predictions of community and ecosystem properties from simple ecological theory","volume":"275","author":"Jennings S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jennings, S., M\u00e9lin, F., Blanchard, J.L., Forster, R.M., Dulvy, N.K. & Wilson, R.W. 2008. Global-scale predictions of community and ecosystem properties from simple ecological theory. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 275, 1375\u20131383.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203849109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0271"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28071-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08213"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415718112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GB900076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000907"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12273"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3515230"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015399"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12196"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1706"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8773-8783.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G20687.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S147355041200047X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00039-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2014.0293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550410000200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"Anoxia v. productivity: what controls the formation of organic-carbon-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks","volume":"74","author":"Pedersen T.F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pedersen, T.F. & Calvert, S.E. 1990. Anoxia v. productivity: what controls the formation of organic-carbon-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks? AAPG Bulletin, 74, 454\u2013466.","journal-title":"AAPG Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G38861.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546565"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2002)030<0811:LOLITP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35015063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-0738(80)90067-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345710a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","first-page":"1260","volume-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology","author":"Salas E.C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salas, E.C., Bhartia, R., Anderson, L., Hug, W.F., Reid, R.D., Iturrino, G. & Edwards, K.J. 2015. In situ detection of microbial life in the deep biosphere in igneous ocean crust. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 1260."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G21535.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012505290-0\/50024-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-120308-081000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2006.0096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2007.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2551.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1585"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8284"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04584"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2017.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1992.tb00728.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.030538097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0513-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Geological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/jgs2018-061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T11:47:30Z","timestamp":1721821650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/jgs2018-061"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/jgs\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/jgs2018-061","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/jgs2018-061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/jgs2018-061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-7649","2041-479X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-7649","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-479X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-28","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}