none 10.1144/jgs2018-085 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 102115222 44798 2024072322140200609 10.1144 2024-07-24T11:44:13Z 2018-10-16T12:08:00Z 17 Journal of the Geological Society JGS 0016-7649 2041-479X 03 21 2019 03 2019 176 2 Elizabeth J. Catlos Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-3498 Emily C. Pease Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-1632 Nick Dygert Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA Planetary Geoscience Institute, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, 602 Strong Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-8739 Michael Brookfield School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-7463 Winfried H. Schwarz Institut für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Klaus-Tschira-Labor für Kosmochemie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-9995 Rajneesh Bhutani Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India Kanchan Pande Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India Axel K. Schmitt Institut für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-4211 The Spongtang ophiolite (Ladakh, NW India) constrains the nature of oceanic lithosphere before Indo-Asia collision and key stages in the development of the Himalayas. We report whole-rock 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and in situ zircon 238 U– 206 Pb ages from its crustal and upper and lower mantle sequences. Major and trace elements from harzburgite minerals suggest that the ophiolite formed at a mid-ocean ridge-type spreading centre, whereas published spinel compositions from Spongtang dunites are consistent with a suprasubduction-zone setting. Rare earth element-in-two-pyroxene thermometry for the harzburgite yields 1058 ± 13°C whereas temperature from solvus-based two-pyroxene and olivine–spinel thermometry is lower (to 656°C). The distribution suggests that the mantle section of the ophiolite cooled at rates of 100° Ma −1 or slower. Based on ages, major and trace element geochemistry, and geospeedometric estimates, we model the origin of the Spongtang ophiolite as forming within a mid-ocean ridge-type spreading centre with a spreading rate >2 cm a −1 in the Neotethyan Ocean, possibly from the Late Triassic to Jurassic. By the Early Cretaceous, the ridge experienced increasing influence of subduction beneath the Spongtang oceanic lithosphere owing to a subduction polarity reversal. Based on 238 U– 206 Pb ages of the youngest Cenozoic zircon grain, latest obduction occurred between 64.3 ± 0.8 and 42.4 ± 0.5 Ma, in accordance with 56.7 ± 5.2 Ma whole-rock 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages. Supplementary material: Excel files with details of electron microprobe and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, argon isotopic whole-rock and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses, and the T REE calculations, including an inversion diagram showing regression through measured REE distributions in cpx and opx (from Liang et al. 2013), are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4261856 11 16 2018 03 2019 284 305 10.1144/jgs2018-085 1 10.1144/crossmark-policy www.lyellcollection.org true 2018-04-25 2018-09-19 2018-10-09 2018-11-16 Geology Foundation, University of Texas at Austin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006776 Geology Foundation, University of Texas at Austin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006776 Max Kade Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100015330 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 10.1144/jgs2018-085 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/jgs2018-085 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/pdf/10.1144/jgs2018-085 https://geoscienceworld.org/jgs/article-lookup?doi=10.1144/jgs2018-085 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.003 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.049 10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.12 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00287-9 10.1029/2006JB004706 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005 10.1111/bre.12040 10.1016/0040-1951(82)90048-8 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90066-3 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00154-9 10.1007/BF00311183 Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Bassoullet J.P. 389 290 1980 L’édifice de nappes du Zanskar (Ladakh Himalaya) Bassoullet, J.P., Colchen, M., Juteau, T., Marcoux, J. & Mascle, G. 1980. 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