{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:49:05Z","timestamp":1777574945545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jackson School of Geosciences,University of Texas at Austin"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015330","name":"Max Kade Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Ludlow Bone Bed (Welsh Basin) is a critical stratigraphic horizon and contains a rich assemblage of fish scales. Units above provide insights into the early evolution of animal and plant life. The bed has not yet been radioisotopically dated. Here, we report 207 secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ages from 102 zircon (ZrSiO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            ) grains from the Ludlow (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20092) and stratigraphically higher Downton (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20091) bone beds. SIMS ages are middle Ordovician (471.6\u2009\u00b1\u200920.7\u2005Ma) to late Devonian (375.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.6\u2005Ma,\n            <jats:sup>238<\/jats:sup>\n            U\u2013\n            <jats:sup>206<\/jats:sup>\n            Pb, \u00b11\u03c3 analytical uncertainty). Cathodoluminescence images show that the youngest ages appear affected by alteration. Chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U\u2013Pb geochronology was utilized to improve precision. Detrital zircon grains from Downton yield 424.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\/0.42\/0.63\u2005Ma and from Ludlow 424.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32\/0.41\/0.62\u2005Ma (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20095 each,\n            <jats:sup>238<\/jats:sup>\n            U\u2013\n            <jats:sup>206<\/jats:sup>\n            Pb, \u00b12\u03c3 analytical, tracer or systematic uncertainty). These ages provide a maximum deposition age. Results overlap the basal P\u0159\u00eddol\u00ed age (423.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2005Ma) in its stratotype (Po\u017e\u00e1ry Section, Reporyje, Prague, Czech Republic). The Ludlow Bone Bed marks the base of the local Downton Group, which has previously been correlated with the base of the P\u0159\u00eddol\u00ed Series. The CA-ID-TIMS ages are older than those for other land arthropod-bearing sediments, such as the Cowie Harbour Fish Bed and Rhynie Chert.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p content-type=\"supplementary-material\">\n            <jats:bold>Supplementary material:<\/jats:bold>\n            An Excel file containing detailed information on the SIMS analyses, a figure showing calibration curves for AS3 standards sputtered over sessions 1 and 2, and a figure showing CA-ID-TIMS U\u2013Pb age data (concordia and weighted mean plots) are available at\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" specific-use=\"dataset is-supplemented-by\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.5087031\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.5087031<\/jats:ext-link>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2020-107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1597423513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Late Silurian zircon U\u2013Pb ages from the Ludlow and Downton bone beds, Welsh Basin, UK"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Catlos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren F.","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isotope Geosciences Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"},{"name":"Present address: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Brookfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"},{"name":"School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9111-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Giles","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel K.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isotope Geosciences Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isotope Geosciences Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"605","volume-title":"The Silurian System","author":"Agassiz J.L.R.","year":"1839","unstructured":"Agassiz, J.L.R. 1839. Fishes of the Upper Ludlow Rock. In: Murchison, R.I. (ed.) The Silurian System. John Murray, London, 605\u2013607."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Conodonts","volume":"9","author":"Aldridge R.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Aldridge, R.J. and Sch\u00f6nlaub, H.-P. 1989. Conodonts. National Museum of Wales Geological Series, 9, 274\u2013279.","journal-title":"National Museum of Wales Geological Series"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","volume-title":"Lower Palaeozoic succession of the Welsh Borderland. Fourth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS IV) Field Excursion B, Guidebook","author":"Aldridge R.J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aldridge, R.J. and Smith, M.P. 1985. Lower Palaeozoic succession of the Welsh Borderland. Fourth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS IV) Field Excursion B, Guidebook, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1985.0073","article-title":"Marine to fresh water: the sedimentology of the interrupted environmental transition (Ludlow\u2013Siegenian) in the Anglo-Welsh region","volume":"309","author":"Allen J.R.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Allen, J.R.L. 1985. Marine to fresh water: the sedimentology of the interrupted environmental transition (Ludlow\u2013Siegenian) in the Anglo-Welsh region. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, B309, 85\u2013104.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Study of Sediments","author":"Antia D.D.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Antia, D.D.J. and Whitaker, J.H.M. 1978. 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