none 10.1144/jgs2020-187 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 124352278 44798 2024111903345000455 10.1144 2024-11-19T14:27:17Z 2021-02-22T13:10:18Z 15 Journal of the Geological Society JGS 0016-7649 2041-479X 06 17 2021 07 2021 178 4 Carl Jacquemyn Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College London, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-7144 Margaret E. H. Pataki Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College London, UK Gary J. Hampson Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College London, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-8469 Matthew D. Jackson Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College London, UK Dmytro Petrovskyy Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK Sebastian Geiger Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-1896 Clarissa C. Marques Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada Julio D. Machado Silva Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada Sicilia Judice Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-4196 Fazilatur Rahman Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada Mario Costa Sousa Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada Geological modelling is widely used to predict resource potential in subsurface reservoirs. However, modelling is often slow, requires use of mathematical methods that are unfamiliar to many geoscientists, and is implemented in expert software. We demonstrate here an alternative approach using sketch-based interface and modelling, which allows rapid creation of complex three-dimensional (3D) models from 2D sketches. Sketches, either on vertical cross-sections or in map-view, are converted to 3D surfaces that outline geological interpretations. We propose a suite of geological operators that handle interactions between the surfaces to form a geologically realistic 3D model. These operators deliver the flexibility to sketch a geological model in any order and provide an intuitive framework for geoscientists to rapidly create 3D models. Two case studies are presented, demonstrating scenarios in which different approaches to model sketching are used depending on the geological setting and available data. These case studies show the strengths of sketching with geological operators. Sketched 3D models can be queried visually or quantitatively to provide insights into heterogeneity distribution, facies connectivity or dynamic model behaviour; this information cannot be obtained by sketching in 2D or on paper. Supplementary material : Rapid Reservoir Modelling prototype (executable and source code) is available at: https://bitbucket.org/rapidreservoirmodelling/rrm . Supplementary screen recordings for the different case studies showing sketch-based modelling in action are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5084141 and supplementary figure S1-S4 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303043 03 11 2021 07 2021 jgs2020-187 10.1144/jgs2020-187 1 10.1144/crossmark-policy www.lyellcollection.org true 2020-10-01 2021-02-08 2021-02-11 2021-03-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.1144/jgs2020-187 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/jgs2020-187 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/pdf/10.1144/jgs2020-187 https://geoscienceworld.org/jgs/article-lookup?doi=10.1144/jgs2020-187 Amorim R. Brazil E.V. Patel D. and Costa Sousa M. 2012. Sketch modeling of seismic horizons from uncertainty. Paper Presented at the EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Annecy France 4–6 June 2012. 10.1145/2630407.2630411 Amorim R. Brazil E.V. 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