none 10.1144/jgs2023-088 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 162091566 44798 2024112206382800535 10.1144 2024-11-22T09:40:10Z 2024-06-26T10:11:21Z 5 Journal of the Geological Society JGS 0016-7649 2041-479X 08 22 2024 11 04 2024 181 6 Zhiqin Xu State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-0879 Haibing Li Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Yuntao Tian School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Qin Wang State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China Changqin Yu Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Guangwei Li State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-9980 Shaocheng Ji Département des Génies Civil, Géologique et des Mines, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada Michel Faure Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, F-45071 Orléans, France Marie-Luce Chevalier Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China The Longmen Shan (LMS) fold-and-thrust belt in the eastern Tibetan plateau marks the boundary between the Songpan–Ganze terrane and the Sichuan basin. Deformation mechanisms and the mountain building process in the LMS remain unclear. Here we conducted field mapping, structural analysis, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology of biotite, and re-interpretation of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling borehole data and a seismic reflection profile across the LMS. Our results indicate that a gently dipping LMS extruded wedge overlies the reactivated Yangtze craton. This wedge consists of several rigid Neoproterozoic complexes, bounded by the NW-dipping LMS detachment above and the Yingxiu–Beichuan thrust below. The Yingxiu–Beichuan thrust extends northwestwards to a depth of c. 8 km beneath the Songpan–Ganze terrane. Coeval activation of the top-to-the-NW LMS detachment and the top-to-the-SE Yingxiu–Beichuan thrust in the Early Cretaceous resulted in the extrusion of the LMS wedge from a depth of 10–15 km. The wedge rapidly exhumed through imbricated thrusting along low-strength series since 40–30 Ma. 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