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In this study we summarize the early radiation and biodiversity trends and discuss the palaeobiogeography of these fossils. The oldest (latest Cambrian\u2013Early Ordovician) representatives had primitive, usually symmetrical, placognath\/ctenognath type jaw apparatuses. The first more advanced taxa, possessing labidognath-type jaw apparatuses or placognath apparatuses with compound maxillae, are first recorded in the Middle Ordovician. The most significant increase in generic diversity occurred in the Darriwilian, when many common taxa appeared and diversified. The Ordovician and Silurian scolecodont occurrences allow some palaeobiogeographical units and distribution patterns to be explored and outlined. The most robust data presently at hand derive from successions in Baltica and Laurentia. That information, together with new records from other palaeocontinents, reveals a wide distribution for the most frequent and species-rich genera and families, similar to the biogeographical patterns of extant polychaetes. Like many other benthic and pelagic fossil groups, scolecodont-bearing polychaetes show an increased cosmopolitan character in the Silurian as compared with the Ordovician. Species-level endemism appears to be relatively common, inferring a potential for scolecodonts as biogeographical tools in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/m38.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T11:21:24Z","timestamp":1385551284000},"page":"265-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chapter 18 Ordovician and Silurian polychaete diversity and biogeography"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mats E.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Lund University, S\u00f6lvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"Hints","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Paxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Tonarov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Czech Geological Survey, Geologick\u00e1 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Lower Wenlock Faunal and Floral Dynamics \u2013 Vattenfallet Section, Gotland","author":"Bergman C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bergman C., Jaanusson V., Laufeld S., Skoglund R.Polychaete jawsLower Wenlock Faunal and Floral Dynamics \u2013 Vattenfallet Section, Gotland1979C762Sveriges Geologiska Unders\u00f6kning, Uppsala92102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Silurian paulinitid polychaetes from Gotland","volume":"25","author":"Bergman C. 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