none 10.1144/M38.18 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 65792594 65092 2024072310104500560 10.1144 2024-07-23T21:54:54Z 2013-11-27T06:21:24Z 18 Geological Society, London, Memoirs Memoirs 0435-4052 2041-4722 11 27 2013 01 2013 38 1 Mats E. Eriksson Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden Olle Hints Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia Hannelore Paxton Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia Petra Tonarová Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic Abstract Eunicidan polychaetes formed a significant part of Early Palaeozoic marine invertebrate communities, as shown by the abundance and diversity of scolecodonts (polychaete jaws) in the fossil record. In this study we summarize the early radiation and biodiversity trends and discuss the palaeobiogeography of these fossils. The oldest (latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician) representatives had primitive, usually symmetrical, placognath/ctenognath type jaw apparatuses. The first more advanced taxa, possessing labidognath-type jaw apparatuses or placognath apparatuses with compound maxillae, are first recorded in the Middle Ordovician. The most significant increase in generic diversity occurred in the Darriwilian, when many common taxa appeared and diversified. The Ordovician and Silurian scolecodont occurrences allow some palaeobiogeographical units and distribution patterns to be explored and outlined. The most robust data presently at hand derive from successions in Baltica and Laurentia. That information, together with new records from other palaeocontinents, reveals a wide distribution for the most frequent and species-rich genera and families, similar to the biogeographical patterns of extant polychaetes. Like many other benthic and pelagic fossil groups, scolecodont-bearing polychaetes show an increased cosmopolitan character in the Silurian as compared with the Ordovician. Species-level endemism appears to be relatively common, inferring a potential for scolecodonts as biogeographical tools in the future. 01 22 2014 01 2013 265 272 10.1144/M38.18 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-002 10.1144/M38.18 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/M38.18 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/pdf/10.1144/M38.18 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/UrlRedirectHandler.ashx?routename=books&chapterdoi=10.1144/M38.18&request=chapter Lower Wenlock Faunal and Floral Dynamics – Vattenfallet Section, Gotland Bergman C. 92 1979 Bergman C., Jaanusson V., Laufeld S., Skoglund R.Polychaete jawsLower Wenlock Faunal and Floral Dynamics – Vattenfallet Section, Gotland1979C762Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Uppsala92102 Fossils and Strata Bergman C. F. 1128 25 1989 Silurian paulinitid polychaetes from Gotland Bergman C. 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