{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T10:08:35Z","timestamp":1766830115654,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]],"date-time":"2001-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":999302400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A range of heterolithic facies, comprising thinly interbedded (millimetre\u2013decimetre scale) sandstones and mudstones, characterizes the heterogeneous Lower Jurassic Cook Formation, including the productive Cook-3 reservoir in the Gullfaks Field. These heterolithic facies were deposited in a tide-dominated estuarine to deltaic setting and show up as massive \u2018shaly-sands\u2019 on conventional wireline logs. This makes the recognition and discrimination of different heterolithic facies types virtually impossible, which severely limits detailed reservoir geological and petrophysical predictions. This problem has been addressed by undertaking a high resolution electrofacies analysis using core facies as a \u2018training set\u2019 and applying this, through multivariate statistical techniques, to the interpretation of the conventional logs.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            An electrofacies database was created comprising five genetically linked rock types (ranging from lenticular-wavy bedding, through flaser bedding and into clean\/massive sandstones). This electrofacies scheme was validated with reference to\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            . 125 m of cored section from five wells using gamma-ray, density and neutron logs. Multivariate statistical techniques have enabled probabilistic discrimination of the different types of heterolithic facies down to intervals of only 0.25 to 0.5 m thick, which is considerably greater than could be achieved using conventional well-log evaluation techniques alone.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/petgeo.7.3.321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,18]],"date-time":"2010-11-18T21:23:14Z","timestamp":1290115394000},"page":"321-330","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of heterolithic deposits using electrofacies analysis in the tide-dominated Lower Jurassic Cook Formation (Gullfaks Field, offshore Norway)"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Renu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"T. H. Huxley School of Environment, Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2 BP, UK"},{"name":"Present address: Schlumberger H-RT, Schlumberger House, Buckingham Gate, Gatwick Airport, West Sussex, RH6 0NZ, UK"}]},{"given":"Howard D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Schlumberger H-RT, Schlumberger House, Buckingham Gate, Gatwick Airport, West Sussex, RH6 0NZ, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sedimentary processes and facies in the Gironde estuary: a recent model for macrotidal estuarine systems","volume":"18","author":"ALLEN G.P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"ALLEN G.P. 1991. Sedimentary processes and facies in the Gironde estuary: a recent model for macrotidal estuarine systems. In: , Smith D.G., Reinson G.E., Zaitlin B.A., Rahmani R.A. (eds) Clastic Tidal Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 18, 29\u201340.","journal-title":"Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","author":"ALLEN J.R.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"ALLEN J.R.L.. 1982. Mud drapes in sand wave deposits: a physical model with application to the Folkestone Beds (early Cretaceous, southeast England). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A306, 291\u2013345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BEGG S.H. KING P.R. 1985. \u2018Modelling the effects of shales on reservoir performance: calculation of effective vertical permeability.\u2019 SPE paper 13529.","DOI":"10.2523\/13529-MS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7762-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Facies Models \u2013 Response to Sea Level Change","author":"DALRYMPLE R.W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"DALRYMPLE R.W. 1992. Tidal depositional systems. In: , Walker R.G., James N.P. (eds) Facies Models \u2013 Response to Sea Level Change. 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John Wiley and Sons, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","volume-title":"Paper SPE 13290, presented at the 59th Annual SPE Technical Conference","author":"DELFINER P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"DELFINER P., SERRA O., PEYRET O.. 1984. \u2018Automatic determination of lithology from well logs.\u2019 Paper SPE 13290, presented at the 59th Annual SPE Technical Conference, Houston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/CA2580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8937(06)80066-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","volume-title":"Reservoir characterisation of heterolithic facies using computer-aided electrofacies analysis","author":"GUPTA R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"GUPTA R.. 1998. Reservoir characterisation of heterolithic facies using computer-aided electrofacies analysis. PhD thesis, University of London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Geology of the Norwegian oil and gas fields","author":"ERICHSEN T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"ERICHSEN T., HELLE M., HENDEN J., ROGNEBAKKE A.. 1987. Gullfaks. In:, Spencer A.M., et al. (ed.) Geology of the Norwegian oil and gas fields. Graham & Trotman, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sedimentology of a transgressive estuary complex: the Lower Cretaceous Woburn Sands (Lower Greensand), southern England","volume":"22","author":"JOHNSON H.D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"JOHNSON H.D., LEVELL B.K. 1995. Sedimentology of a transgressive estuary complex: the Lower Cretaceous Woburn Sands (Lower Greensand), southern England. In: , Plint A.G., et al.Sedimentary Facies Analysis. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, 22, 17\u201346.","journal-title":"Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy","author":"JOHNSON H.D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"JOHNSON H.D., LEVELL B.K., BALDWIN C.T.. 1996. Shallow clastic seas. In: , Reading H.G.Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 232\u2013280."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Dunlin Group sequence stratigraphy in the northern North Sea: a model for Cook sandstone deposition","volume":"81","author":"MARJANAC T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"MARJANAC T., STEEL R.J. 1997. Dunlin Group sequence stratigraphy in the northern North Sea: a model for Cook sandstone deposition. 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