{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T01:29:15Z","timestamp":1771982955363,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Identification and mitigation of leaks of subsurface fluids such as hydrocarbons at many heavy-oil fields is a first-order concern to operating companies, their regulators and the public. A variety of leaks have been documented at heavy-oil fields in Alberta (Canada) and California (USA). Although the petroleum geology and tectonic framework of fields in these areas differ significantly, production-related uplift of overburden and dilation of pre-existing fractures due to cyclic steam injection are likely to have facilitated the leakage events. As a result, integration of overburden characterization and monitoring with management of steam pressures may provide an effective means of risk mitigation of major leakage events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/petgeo2016-070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T02:44:59Z","timestamp":1478054699000},"page":"231-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causes and mitigation strategies of surface hydrocarbon leaks at heavy-oil fields: examples from Alberta and California"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"15,103","article-title":"Chemical and hydrodynamic mechanisms for long-term geological carbon storage","volume":"118","author":"Altman S.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altman, S.J., Aminzadeh, B. et al. 2014. 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