{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:41:43Z","timestamp":1770435703548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,5]],"date-time":"2027-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801785600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/publications\/lyell-collection\/user-license-1-2"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PG"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) is a relatively common component in hydrocarbon fields, where it may be mixed with hydrocarbon oil or gas in proportions up to 50% or more. Such hydrocarbons are often described as \u2018sour\u2019. The H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S primarily originates from thermochemical sulfate reduction associated with evaporites, though biogenic pathways may apply in some cases. Hydrocarbon fields with the highest concentrations of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S often remain undeveloped, representing already-discovered resources that could support the transition towards a lower-carbon economy. Meanwhile, hydrogen \u2014 recognized as a critical element of the energy transition \u2014 can be obtained from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S currently by several energy consuming processes. A new subsurface engineering concept introduced here combines the rehabilitation of stranded sour hydrocarbon resources via H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S removal with the production of potentially economic amounts of hydrogen. The proposed approach removes H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S from the hydrocarbons as they are passed through a subsurface iron-rich \u2018scavenging\u2019 reservoir. Reactions between the sour hydrocarbons and the iron minerals in this reservoir convert H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S to solid iron sulfide (pyrite) releasing hydrogen gas during the process. Sweetened hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or both, can then be produced. Subsurface removal of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S and sequestering of sulfur from known stranded hydrocarbons avoids the cost and risk of surface-based H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S facilities as well as exploration costs for new hydrocarbons in pristine locations. Hydrogen produced from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S in this way is called here \u2018amber hydrogen\u2019, an addition to the hydrogen color spectrum that can also be applied to hydrogen produced from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S by any method.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/petgeo2025-095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:39:19Z","timestamp":1770291559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of iron-rich scavenging reservoirs to unlock stranded sour hydrocarbons with amber hydrogen byproduct"],"prefix":"10.1144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-5972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Aramco","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"]}]},{"given":"S.V.","family":"Arkadakskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Aramco","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"]}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Aramco","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"]}]},{"given":"E.H.","family":"Oelkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"container-title":["Petroleum Geoscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/petgeo2025-095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:59:13Z","timestamp":1770386353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/petgeo2025-095"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/pg\/article\/doi\/10.1144\/petgeo2025-095\/725563\/use-of-iron-rich-scavenging-reservoirs-to-unlock","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1144\/petgeo2025-095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/petgeo2025-095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-0793","2041-496X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-0793","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-496X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"petgeo2025-095"}}